Abnormalities of Neurotransmission in Drug Addiction

Trick, Leanne; Butler, Kevin; Chukwueke, Chidera; Di Ciano, Patricia; Ibrahim, Christine; Rubin-Kahana, Dafna Sara; Boileau, Isabelle; Le Foll, Bernard

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57231-0_21

Leanne Trick⁶,
Kevin Butler⁶,
Chidera Chukwueke^6,7,
Patricia Di Ciano^6,7,8,
Christine Ibrahim^6,7,
Dafna Sara Rubin-Kahana^6,9,
Isabelle Boileau^9,10 &
…
Bernard Le Foll^{6,7,8,11,12,13,14}

841 Accesses
2 Citations

Abstract

Substance use disorders are prevalent and severe conditions associated with numerous health, social, and economic harms. While the neurobiological mechanisms are still not fully understood, adaptations in multiple neurotransmitter systems have been implicated in the development and maintenance of substance use disorders. The advent of molecular imaging techniques has provided a unique opportunity to better understand abnormalities of neurotransmission in humans with substance use disorders, and this insight may ultimately lead to improved treatment options in the future. This chapter provides a summary of positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies in humans with alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, opioid, and stimulant use disorders. Studies to date provide consistent evidence that the dopaminergic system is disrupted in populations with substance use disorders, although there has been little research in other neurotransmitter systems and findings of existing studies have been mixed. Many PET and SPECT studies investigating abnormalities of neurotransmission in substance use disorder are limited by small sample sizes and over-reliance on male samples without comorbid conditions. In addition, the use of cross-sectional study designs does not make it possible to draw conclusions about causality.

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Authors and Affiliations

Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
Leanne Trick, Kevin Butler, Chidera Chukwueke, Patricia Di Ciano, Christine Ibrahim, Dafna Sara Rubin-Kahana & Bernard Le Foll
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Chidera Chukwueke, Patricia Di Ciano, Christine Ibrahim & Bernard Le Foll
Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
Patricia Di Ciano & Bernard Le Foll
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Dafna Sara Rubin-Kahana & Isabelle Boileau
Addiction Imaging Research Group, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
Isabelle Boileau
Alcohol Research and Treatment Clinic, Acute Care Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
Bernard Le Foll
Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Bernard Le Foll
Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Bernard Le Foll
Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Bernard Le Foll

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Leanne Trick
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Kevin Butler
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Chidera Chukwueke
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Patricia Di Ciano
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Christine Ibrahim
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Dafna Sara Rubin-Kahana
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Isabelle Boileau
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Bernard Le Foll
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Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Rudi A.J.O. Dierckx
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Medical Engineering and Computer Science, Offenburg University, Offenburg, Germany
Andreas Otte
Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Erik F. J. de Vries
Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Aren van Waarde
Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Iris E. Sommer

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Trick, L. et al. (2021). Abnormalities of Neurotransmission in Drug Addiction. In: Dierckx, R.A., Otte, A., de Vries, E.F.J., van Waarde, A., Sommer, I.E. (eds) PET and SPECT in Psychiatry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57231-0_21

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57231-0_21
Published: 15 December 2020
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-57230-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-57231-0
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