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Angiogenesis: Perspectives from Therapeutic Angiogenesis

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Stem Cell Therapy for Vascular Diseases

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Abstract

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a major complication of systemic atherosclerosis and is a major public health threat worldwide. For patients with PAD, there are limited options for therapy, and no medications have been shown to slow progression of the disease. For patients with severe disease, open surgical procedures and endovascular techniques may relieve symptoms and prevent amputation; however, in a substantial proportion of patients, surgical and endovascular revascularization are not an option based on a patients’ anatomy and/or comorbid diseases. “Stem cell therapy” covers a range of investigational approaches across various cells and delivery methods. Overall, stem cell therapy has been shown to be safe, and multiple small studies have shown benefit in pain relief, improved functional status, and decreased major amputations. Unfortunately, the results of larger trials of stem cell therapy have been largely disappointing, and many of the early studies may well have been limited by both selection bias and lack of investigator blinding. In this chapter, the embryological basis for therapy with stem cells will be reviewed, as well as major studies that set the stage for stem cell therapy as an option or those that provide important findings. The current status of stem cell therapy and future directions for this area of research will also be discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiology and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA

    Monique Bethel, Vishal Arora & Brian H. Annex

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  1. Monique Bethel
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  2. Vishal Arora
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  3. Brian H. Annex
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Correspondence to Brian H. Annex .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Vascular Surgery Section, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Tulio Pinho Navarro

  2. Postgraduate Program in Sciences Applied to Surgery, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Lara Lellis Navarro Minchillo Lopes

  3. Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and the Departments of Surgery and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Alan Dardik

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Bethel, M., Arora, V., Annex, B.H. (2021). Angiogenesis: Perspectives from Therapeutic Angiogenesis. In: Navarro, T.P., Minchillo Lopes, L.L.N., Dardik, A. (eds) Stem Cell Therapy for Vascular Diseases. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56954-9_6

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