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Pleura

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Pediatric Ultrasound

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Abstract

The clinical use of ultrasound in the evaluation of the pleura and pleural cavity has substantially increased in recent years and has become an important imaging adjunct for diagnosing and managing pleural disease in children. Compared to other imaging modalities, ultrasound is safe, does not require ionizing radiation, is relatively inexpensive, and provides blood flow-related information even without contrast administration. It is useful in the assessment of pleural diseases at the bedside, especially in the Emergency Room and in the Intensive Care Unit. In this chapter, up-to-date practical ultrasound imaging techniques as well as fundamental embryology and normal anatomy of the pleura are reviewed. Common and rare but important pleural disorders in the pediatric population are discussed with an emphasis on characteristic ultrasound imaging findings.

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Abbreviations

B:

Brightness

CEUS:

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound

CPAM:

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation

CT:

Computed tomography

FDG:

Fluorodeoxyglucose

M:

Motion

MR:

Magnetic resonance

PET:

Positron emission tomography

PBB:

Pleuropulmonary blastoma

RMS:

Rhabdomyosarcoma

VATS:

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, St. Luke’s Medical Center College of Medicine - William H. Quasha Memorial, Quezon City, Philippines

    Nathan David P. Concepcion & Bernard F. Laya

  2. Department of Radiology, Lehigh Valley Reilly Children’s Hospital, Allentown, PA, USA

    Ross A. Myers

  3. Division of Thoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Edward Y. Lee

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  1. Nathan David P. Concepcion
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  2. Bernard F. Laya
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  4. Edward Y. Lee
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Correspondence to Nathan David P. Concepcion .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Ultrasound, Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Harriet J. Paltiel

  2. Division of Thoracic Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Edward Y. Lee

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Concepcion, N.D.P., Laya, B.F., Myers, R.A., Lee, E.Y. (2021). Pleura. In: Paltiel, H.J., Lee, E.Y. (eds) Pediatric Ultrasound. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56802-3_6

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