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Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Control of Hematopoiesis

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Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology

Part of the book series: Learning Materials in Biosciences ((LMB))

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Abstract

This chapter provides an overview of the origin and history of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the evolvement of their concept and hematopoiesis. It also illustrates the fate of hematopoietic cells arising from the mesoderm, and that later develops into the adult blood lineages by highlighting the major differences between primitive and definitive hematopoiesis. The chapter also includes a brief description of major findings of HSCs’ derivation, regulation, characterization, and differentiation. This chapter concludes with the current and future therapeutic potential of HSCs, and the barriers to their use for the development of new and improved therapies.

Mohamed Essawy and Ahmed Abdelfattah-Hassan contributed equally.

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Abbreviations

5FU:

5-fluorouracil

β-TCP:

β-TriCalcium phosphate

(AGM) region:

Aorta–gonad–mesonephros region

ALL:

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

AML:

Acute myeloid leukemia

AML1 :

Acute myeloid leukemia-1 protein

BCL-2:

B-cell lymphoma 2

BM:

Bone marrow

Bmi-1:

Polycomb complex protein 1

BMPs:

Bone morphogenic proteins

Cbfa2 :

Core-binding factor subunit alpha-2

Cbx7:

Chromobox protein homolog 7

CDKs:

Cyclin-dependent kinases

CFU:

Colony-forming unit

CIBMTR:

The Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research

CML:

Chronic myeloid leukemia

Ezh1:

Enhancer of zeste homolog

(FDCP)-mix:

Factor-dependent cell Paterson-mix

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factor

FL:

Flt3 ligand

G-CSF:

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

GVHD:

Graft-versus-host disease

GVL:

Graft-versus-Leukemia

HE:

Hemogenic endothelium

HECs:

Hemogenic endothelial cells

HIF-1:

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1

HPCs:

Hematopoietic progenitor cells

HSCs:

Hematopoietic stem cells

IFNs:

Interferons

IGF:

Insulin-like growth factor

IGFBP2:

IGF-binding protein 2

ILs:

Interleukins

IRF2:

Interferon regulatory factor-2

Irgm-1:

Immunity-related GTPase family M protein-1

KitL:

c-kit/kit ligand

KSL cells:

Kit+Sca+lin−cells

LIF:

Leukemia inhibitory factor

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharides

LTC:

Long-term culture

LTC-ICs:

Long-term culture-initiating cells

LT-HSCs:

Long-term HSCs

MDS:

Myelodysplastic syndrome

MIP-lα:

Macrophage inflammatory protein lα

MLL:

Mixed lineage Leukemia

MPPs:

Multipotent progenitors

MPR:

Melphalan, prednisone, lenalidomide

Msi2 protein:

Musashi-2 protein

NGF-β:

Nerve growth factor β

PB:

Peripheral blood

PcG protein:

Polycomb-group protein

RBCs:

Red blood cells

Runx1 :

Runt-related transcription factor-1

Sca-1:

Stem cell antigen-1

SCF:

Stem cell factor

SCL:

Stem cell leukemia

SDF-1:

Stromal cell-derived factor-1

SET1A:

SET domain-containing protein 1A

SLAM:

Signaling lymphocyte activation molecule

STAT1:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1

ST-HSCs:

Short-term HSCs

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor-β

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

TPO:

Thrombopoietin

TrxG protein:

Trithorax-group protein

UCB:

Umbilical cord blood

VCAM-1:

Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1

VLA-4:

Very late antigen-4

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grant # 5300 from the Egyptian Science and Technology Development Fund (STDF), and by internal funding from Zewail City of Science and Technology (ZC 003-2019).

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Helmy Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt

      Mohamed Essawy, Eman Radwan, S. Elshaboury & Nagwa El-Badri

    2. Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

      Ahmed Abdelfattah-Hassan

    3. Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt

      Ahmed Abdelfattah-Hassan

    4. Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

      Mostafa F. Abdelhai

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    1. Mohamed Essawy
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    2. Ahmed Abdelfattah-Hassan
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    3. Eman Radwan
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    4. Mostafa F. Abdelhai
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    5. S. Elshaboury
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    6. Nagwa El-Badri
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    Correspondence to Nagwa El-Badri .

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    1. Center of Excellence of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt

      Nagwa El-Badri

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    Essawy, M., Abdelfattah-Hassan, A., Radwan, E., Abdelhai, M.F., Elshaboury, S., El-Badri, N. (2020). Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Control of Hematopoiesis. In: El-Badri, N. (eds) Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology . Learning Materials in Biosciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55359-3_3

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