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Neuroinflammation: From Target Selection to Preclinical and Clinical Studies

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PET and SPECT of Neurobiological Systems

Abstract

Inflammation is a highly dynamic and complex adaptive process to preserve and restore tissue homeostasis in neurological disorders and often serves as a prognostic marker for disease outcome. The underlying cellular and factorial heterogeneity represents an opportunity in the development of disease-modifying therapies.

Molecular imaging of neuroinflammation (NI) may support the characterization of key aspects of the dynamic interplay of various inducers, sensors, transducers, and effectors of the multifactorial inflammatory response in vivo in animal models and patients. The characterization of the NI response by molecular imaging will (i) support early diagnosis and disease follow-up, (ii) guide (stereotactic) biopsy sampling, (iii) highlight the dynamic changes during disease pathogenesis in a noninvasive manner, (iv) help monitoring existing therapies, (v) support the development of novel NI-modifying therapies, and (vi) aid stratification of patients, according to their individual NI profile.

This book chapter will review the basic principles of NI, recent developments and applications of novel molecular imaging targets, key considerations for the selection and development of imaging targets, as well as examples of successful clinical translation of NI imaging.

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Acknowledgment

This work was partly supported by the EU Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement no. 278850 (INMiND), the Horizon 2020 Programme under grant agreement no. 675417 (PET3D), the “Cells-in-Motion” Cluster of Excellence (DFG EXC1003 – CiM), the EU/EFPIA/Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking Immune-Image under grant no. 831514, and the Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF core unit PIX), Münster, Germany. The authors thank Nina Knubel for the design and production of Figs. 17.1–17.3.

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Author notes

  1. Inga B. Fricke

    Present address: Bruker BioSpin MRI GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, Münster, Germany

    Bastian Zinnhardt, Cristina Barca, Claudia Foray & Inga B. Fricke

  2. Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany

    Bastian Zinnhardt

  3. Biomarkers and Translational Technologies (BTT), Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland

    Bastian Zinnhardt

  4. Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire, INSERM-U970, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France

    Thomas Viel

  5. UMR 1023, IMIV, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, Inserm, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France

    Alexandra Winkeler

  6. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Albert D. Windhorst

  7. Department of Geriatrics, Johanniter Hospital, Evangelische Kliniken, Bonn, Germany

    Andreas H. Jacobs

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Rudi A.J.O. Dierckx

  2. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Medical Engineering and Computer Science, Offenburg University, Offenburg, Germany

    Andreas Otte

  3. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Erik F.J. de Vries

  4. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Aren van Waarde

  5. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Adriaan A. Lammertsma

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Zinnhardt, B. et al. (2021). Neuroinflammation: From Target Selection to Preclinical and Clinical Studies. In: Dierckx, R.A., Otte, A., de Vries, E.F., van Waarde, A., Lammertsma, A.A. (eds) PET and SPECT of Neurobiological Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53176-8_17

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