Skip to main content

Multi-method Approach Measuring Trust, Distrust, and Suspicion in Information Technology

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
HCI for Cybersecurity, Privacy and Trust (HCII 2020)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNISA,volume 12210))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

In two studies, we examined the measurement of complex state variables with length of response, construct word counts, Likert-type responding, self-reports of past behaviors, and implicit associations. In the first study, participants were primed to write in a control condition and a suspicion condition, which were also used as referents for self-reports, past behaviors, and priming for implicit associations. In the second study, participants were primed for trust and distrust. Results indicated length of response, construct word counts, Likert-type responding, and self-reports of behavior were all affected by the manipulations, indicating they measure the state constructs adequately. However, length of response was also influenced by which condition participants received first, indicating a possible exhaustion effect. Implicit associations indicated no change due to the manipulations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Jones, S.L., Shah, P.P.: Diagnosing the locus of trust: a temporal perspective for trustor, trustee, and dyadic influences on perceived trustworthiness. J. Appl. Psychol. 101, 392–414 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Mayer, R.C., Davis, J.H., Schoorman, F.D.: An integrative model of organizational trust. Acad. Manage. Rev. 20, 709–734 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bobko, P., Barelka, A.J., Hirshfield, L.M.: The construct of state-level suspicion: a model and research agenda for automated and information technology (IT) contexts. Hum. Factors 56, 489–508 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bobko, P., Barelka, A.J., Hirshfield, L.M., Lyons, J.B.: The construct of suspicion and how it can benefit theories and models in organizational science. J. Bus. Psychol. 29, 335–342 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Sinaceur, M.: Suspending judgment to create value: suspicion and trust in negotiation. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 46, 543–550 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Lewicki, R.J., McAllister, D.J., Bies, R.J.: Trust and distrust: new relationships and realities. Acad. Manage. Rev. 23, 438–458 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Clark, L.A., Watson, D.: Constructing validity: basic issues in objective scale development. Psychol. Assess. 7, 309–319 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Watson, D., Clark, L.A., Tellegen, A.: Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 54, 1063–1070 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Jensen, M.P., Karoly, P.: Self-report scales and procedures for assessing pain in adults. In: Turk, D.C., Melzack, R. (eds.) Handbook of pain assessment, 3rd edn, pp. 19–44. Guilford Press, New York (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S.B., Lee, J., Podsakoff, N.P.: Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. J. Appl. Psychol. 88, 879–903 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Fazio, R.H., Sanbonmatsu, D.M., Powell, M.C., Kardes, F.R.: On the automatic activation of attitudes. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 50, 229–238 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Nosek, B.A., Greenwald, A.G., Banaji, M.R.: The implicit association test at age 7: a methodological and conceptual review. In: Bargh, J.A. (ed.) Automatic processes in social thinking and behavior, pp. 265–292. Psychology Press, New York (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Goldring, J., Strelan, P.: The forgiveness implicit association test. Pers. Individ. Differ. 108, 69–78 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Lyons, J.B., Stokes, C.K., Eschleman, K.J., Alarcon, G.M., Barelka, A.: Trustworthiness and IT suspicion: an examination of the nomological network. Hum. Factors 53, 219–229 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  15. French, J.R., Kahn, R.L.: A programmatic approach to studying the industrial environment and mental health. J. Soc. Issues 18, 1–47 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Gupta, N., Beehr, T.A.: A test of the correspondence between self-reports and alternative data sources about work organizations. J. Vocat. Behav. 20, 1–13 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Spector, P.E., Jex, S.M.: Development of four self-report measures of job stressors and strain: interpersonal conflict at work scale, organizational constraints scale, quantitative workload inventory, and physical symptoms inventory. J. Occup. Health Psychol. 3, 356–367 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Banaji, M.R., Greenwald, A.G.: Implicit stereotyping and prejudice. In: Zanna, M.P., Olson, J.M. (eds.) The Psychology Of Prejudice: The Ontario Symposium, vol. 7, pp. 55–76. Erlbaum, New Jersey (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Greenwald, A.G., McGhee, D.E., Schwartz, J.L.: Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: the implicit association test. J. Personality and Soc. Psychol. 74, 1464–1480 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Schvaneveldt, R.W.: Pathfinder Associative Networks: Studies in Knowledge Organization. Ablex, New Jersey (1990)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Hofmann, W., Gawronski, B., Gschwendner, T., Le, H., Schmitt, M.: A meta-analysis on the correlation between the implicit association test and explicit self-report measures. Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 31, 1369–1385 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Greenwald, A.G., Banaji, M.R.: Implicit social cognition: attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychol. Rev. 102, 4–27 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Gaertner, S.L., Dovidio, J.F.: The aversive form of racism. In: Gaertner, S.L., Dovidio, J.F. (eds.) Prejudice, Discrimination, and Racism, pp. 61–89. Academic Press, New York (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Dovidio, J.F., Fazio, R.H.: New technologies for the direct and indirect assessment of attitudes. In: Tanur, J. (ed.) Questions about Questions: Inquiries into the Cognitive Bases of Surveys, pp. 204–237. Russell Sage Foundation, New York (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Hilton, J.L., Fein, S., Miller, D.T.: Suspicion and dispositional inference. Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull. 19, 501–512 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Fein, S.: Effects of suspicion on attributional thinking and the correspondence bias. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 70, 1164–1184 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Schuelke, M.J.: jImplicit (Version 1.0) [Software] (2014). http://spark.myftp.org:1200/jImplicit/. Accessed 27 Dec 2019

  28. Fazio, R.H., Jackson, J.R., Dunton, B.C., Williams, C.J.: Variability in automatic activation as an unobtrusive measure of racial attitudes: a bona fide pipeline? J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 69, 1013–1027 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Qualtrics [Software]. http://www.qualtrics.com. Accessed 27 Dec 2019

  30. Dunning, D., Anderson, J.E., Schlösser, T., Ehlebracht, D., Fetchenhauer, D.: Trust at zero acquaintance: more a matter of respect than expectation of reward. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 107, 122–141 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Lee, J.D., See, K.A.: Trust in automation: designing for appropriate reliance. Hum. Factors 46, 50–80 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Merritt, S.M., Ilgen, D.R.: Not all trust is created equal: dispositional and history-based trust in human-automation interactions. Hum. Factors 50, 194–210 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Flavián, C., Guinalíu, M.: Consumer trust, perceived security and privacy policy: three basic elements of loyalty to a web site. Ind. Manage. Data Syst. 106, 601–620 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Saunders, M.N., Dietz, G.: Thornhill, A: Trust and distrust: polar opposites, or independent but co-existing? Hum. Relat. 67, 639–665 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Schoorman, F.D., Mayer, R.C., Davis, J.H.: An integrative model of organizational trust: past, present, and future. Acad. Manage. Rev. 32, 344–354 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Bigley, G.A., Pearce, J.L.: Straining for shared meaning in organization science: problems of trust and distrust. Acad. Manage. Rev. 23, 405–421 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Lyons, J.B., Koltai, K.S., Ho, N.T., Johnson, W.B., Smith, D.E., Shively, R.J.: Engineering trust in complex automated systems. Ergon. Des. 24, 13–17 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Spachtholz, P., Kuhbandner, C., Pekrun, R.: Negative affect improves the quality of memories: trading capacity for precision in sensory and working memory. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 143, 1450–1456 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Spector, P.E.: Summated Rating Scale construction: An Introduction, vol. 82. Sage Publications, California (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Spielberger, C.D., Gorsuch, R.L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P.R., Jacobs, G.: Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (form Y): Self-Evaluation Questionnaire. Consulting Psychologists Press, California (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Schneider, T.R.: Evaluations of stressful transactions: what’s in an appraisal? Stress Health 24, 151–158 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Ajzen, I.: The theory of planned behavior. Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process. 50, 179–211 (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Terracciano, A., McCrae, R.R., Brant, L.J., Costa Jr., P.T.: Hierarchical linear modeling analyses of the NEO-PI-R scales in the baltimore longitudinal study of aging. Psychol. Aging 20, 493–506 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Tortosa-Edo, V., López-Navarro, M.A., Llorens-Monzonís, J., Rodríguez-Artola, R.M.: The antecedent role of personal environmental values in the relationships among trust in companies, information processing and risk perception. J. Risk Res. 17, 1019–1035 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research has been approved for public release: 88ABW Cleared 4/27/17; 88ABW-2017-1800. This research was supported in part by an appointment to the Postgraduate Research Participant Program at the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Warfighter Interface Division, Collaborative Interfaces and Teaming Branch administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Energy and USAFRL.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gene M. Alarcon .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Jessup, S.A., Alarcon, G.M., Capiola, A., Ryan, T.J. (2020). Multi-method Approach Measuring Trust, Distrust, and Suspicion in Information Technology. In: Moallem, A. (eds) HCI for Cybersecurity, Privacy and Trust. HCII 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12210. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50309-3_27

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50309-3_27

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-50308-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-50309-3

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics