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Fluorescence-Guided Resections: A Binary Approach to Surgery

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Digital Surgery

Abstract

Maximal tumor resection with negative margins plays a critical role in the surgical management of various types of cancer. However, delineation between healthy and tumorous tissue can be challenging. For this purpose, fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) has been shown to be a promising and helpful tool in various kinds of oncological and other types of surgery. In this chapter, the different types of fluorescence agents, such as indocyanine green (IGC), methylene blue (MB), fluorescein, and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), and their applicability for various types of surgery are reviewed. In addition, their benefits and limitations will be discussed. Furthermore, newer strategies that overcome current limitations of the widely used fluorescent agents and techniques aiming at higher precision, such as cancer-specific antibodies or tumor-targeting peptides connected with fluorescent agents, are being evaluated.

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Abbreviations

5-ALA:

5-Aminolevulinic acid

BBB:

Blood-brain barrier

CCK2:

Cholecystokinin-2

CEA:

Carcinoembryonic antigen

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

EMA:

European Medicines Agency

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

FGS:

Fluorescence-guided surgery

FITC:

Fluorescein isothiocyanate

GRPR:

Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor

GTR:

Gross total resection

HER:

Human epidermal growth factor receptor

IGC:

Indocyanine green

MB:

Methylene blue

NIR:

Near-infrared

NIR-PIT:

Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy

OR:

Operating room (OR)

PDT:

Photodynamic therapy

PPIX:

Protoporphyrin IX

PSMA:

Prostate-specific membrane antigen

SWIG:

Second window ICG

VEGF:

Vascular epithelial growth factor

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    Stephanie Schipmann & Walter Stummer

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Schipmann, S., Stummer, W. (2021). Fluorescence-Guided Resections: A Binary Approach to Surgery. In: Atallah, S. (eds) Digital Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49100-0_13

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