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Cellular Contributors to Bone Homeostasis

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Cardiovascular Calcification and Bone Mineralization

Part of the book series: Contemporary Cardiology ((CONCARD))

Abstract

Bone is a complex and dynamic tissue that, in addition to its biomechanical properties, harbors stem cells and precursor cells of the hematopoietic and immune system. The skeleton undergoes continuous remodeling processes to maintain proper bone homeostasis. The equilibrium and coupling of bone resorption with bone formation is fine-tuned by the controlled actions of distinct cell types: bone-forming osteoblasts, bone-resorbing osteoclasts, and osteocytes as key communicators. This ensures proper bone mass and quality. Under pathophysiological conditions, the impairment of these mechanisms triggers bone remodeling dysregulation, causing loss in bone mass and/or alteration in bone microarchitecture.

This chapter deals with the function and regulation of cellular contributors of bone homeostasis – osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, and immune cells. Further, we discuss current knowledge on the coupling of bone resorption and bone formation. Finally, we give an overview about the role of inter-organ crosstalk through bone-secreted factors that act as communicators to peripheral organs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine III, Medical Faculty of the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

    Martina Rauner & Juliane Colditz

  2. Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

    Katharina Jähn & Haniyeh Hemmatian

  3. Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

    Claudia Goettsch

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  1. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Elena Aikawa

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA

    Joshua D. Hutcheson

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Rauner, M., Jähn, K., Hemmatian, H., Colditz, J., Goettsch, C. (2020). Cellular Contributors to Bone Homeostasis. In: Aikawa, E., Hutcheson, J. (eds) Cardiovascular Calcification and Bone Mineralization. Contemporary Cardiology. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46725-8_16

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  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-46724-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-46725-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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