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Ecological Genomics of Plant-Insect Interactions: The Case of Wasp-Induced Galls

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Evolutionary Ecology of Plant-Herbivore Interaction

Abstract

Plant-insect interactions are central to understand ecological and evolutionary dynamics that shaped phenotypes and genotypes. Although the interaction between host plants and insect herbivores has been widely assessed, the molecular mechanisms behind it are largely unknown. Here, we discuss the significance of the ecological genomics for the study of nonmodel species in the context of specialized herbivore interactions. First, we provide an overview of ecological genomics and review functional genomic studies addressing plant responses to herbivores. Second, using the oak-wasp interaction as a framework, we addressed the molecular mechanisms involved in the response of host plants to specialized phytophagous insects. We present a functional study of gene expression along the development of oak galls induced by cynipid insects. The transcriptomic profiles depicted show changes in gene regulation related to metabolism and cell cycle, which are consistent with the developmental trajectory of growing larvae. These findings suggest phenotype manipulation of the host plant by the wasp larvae and support the adaptive role of galls as a life history trait of insects. Our study provides insight of how the ecological genomics approach can contribute to elucidate the genetic bases of organism’s response to their environment and thus help to better understand species interactions and adaptation. In order to unravel the genetic control of natural variation, we suggest that future research should encompass applied ecology and evolution, molecular biology, and bioinformatic and genomic tools.

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Acknowledgments

EKB acknowledges the financial support of postdoctoral fellowship by the General Directorate for Academic Development Matters (DGAPA, UNAM). NCC acknowledges the financial support by CONACyT CB-2015-253420 and DGAPA-UNAM, PAPIIT IA200918, IN217420.This project was supported by SEMARNAT-CONACYT grants 2004-C01-97, 2006-23728, CONACYT 38550-V, 2007-80493, CB-2015-253420 and DGAPAUNAM grants IN209108, IN229803 and IV201015.

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  1. Eunice Kariñho Betancourt

    Present address: Department of Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, Canada

  2. Martha Rendón Anaya

    Present address: Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Unidad Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico

    Eunice Kariñho Betancourt, Paulina Hernández Soto, Nancy Calderón Cortés & Ken Oyama

  2. Unidad de Genomica Avanzada/Langebio, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico

    Martha Rendón Anaya & Alfredo Herrera Estrella

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Correspondence to Ken Oyama .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Ecology National Autonomous, University of Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico

    Juan Núñez-Farfán

  2. Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico

    Pedro Luis Valverde

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Betancourt, E.K., Soto, P.H., Cortés, N.C., Anaya, M.R., Estrella, A.H., Oyama, K. (2020). Ecological Genomics of Plant-Insect Interactions: The Case of Wasp-Induced Galls. In: Núñez-Farfán, J., Valverde, P. (eds) Evolutionary Ecology of Plant-Herbivore Interaction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46012-9_17

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