Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Anal Incontinence: Minimally Invasive Options

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Anorectal Physiology

  • 734 Accesses

Abstract

Anal incontinence is a condition involving complex and often multifactorial mechanisms. Despite etiology, patients are usually managed initially with medical and conservative treatment. For patients with more severe incontinence, a number of minimally invasive options are available.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Paquette IM, Varma MG, Kaiser AM, et al. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons’ clinical practice guideline for the treatment of Fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum. 2015;58(7):623–36.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Shafik A. Polytetrafluoroethylene injection for the treatment of partial fecal incontinence. Int Surg. 1993;78:159–61.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Shafik A. Perianal injection of autologous fat for the treatment of sphincteric incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum. 1995;38:583–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Rotholtz NA, Bun M, Mauri MV, et al. Long-term assessment of fecal incontinence after lateral internal sphincterotomy. Tech Coloproctol. 2005;9(2):115–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Oliveira L, Jorge JMN, Yusuf S, et al. Novos tratamentos para a incontinência anal: injeção de silicone melhora a qualidade de vida em 35 pacientes incontinentes. Rev Bras Coloproct. 2007;27(2):167–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Oliveira LC, Neves Jorge JM, Yussuf S, et al. Anal incontinence improvement after silicone injection may be related to restoration of sphincter asymmetry. Surg Innov. 2009;16(2):155–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Maeda Y, Vaizey CJ, Kamm MA. Long-term results of perianal silicone injection for faecal incontinence. Color Dis. 2007;9(4):357–61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Tjandra JJ, Lim JF, Hiscock R. Injectable silicone biomaterial for fecal incontinence caused by internal anal sphincter dysfunction is effective. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004;47:2138–46.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Nijhuis PH, van den Bogaard TE, Daemen MJ, et al. Perianal injection of polydimethylsiloxane (Bioplastique implants) paste in the treatment of soiling: pilot study in rats to determine migratory tendency and locoregional reaction. Dis Colon Rectum. 1998;41:624–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Dewan PA, Byard RW. Histological response to injected Polytef and Bioplastique in a rat model. Br J Urol. 1994;73:370–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Stojkovic SG, Lim M, Burke D, et al. Intra-anal collagen injection for the treatment of faecal incontinence. Br J Surg. 2006;93(12):1514–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Davis K, Kumar D, Poloniecki J. Preliminary evaluation of an injectable anal sphincter bulking agent (Durasphere) in the management of faecal incontinence. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003;18:237–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Weiss EG, Efron JE, Nogueras JJ, et al. Submucosal injection of carbon-coated beads is a successful and safe office-based treatment for fecal incontinence. Chicago: Am Soc of Colon and Rectal Surgeons; 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Tjandra JJ, Chan MK, Yeh HC. Injectable silicone biomaterial (PTQ) is more effective than carbon-coated beads (Durasphere) in treating passive faecal incontinence – a randomized trial. Colorectal Dis. 2009;11(4):382–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Chan MK, Tjandra JJ. Injectable silicone biomaterial (PTQ) to treat fecal incontinence after hemorrhoidectomy. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006;49(4):433–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Malouf AJ, Vaizey CJ, Norton CS, et al. Internal anal sphincter augmentation for faecal incontinence using injectable silicone biomaterial. Dis Colon Rectum. 2001;44:595–600.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Kenefick NJ, Vaizey CJ, et al. Injectable silicone biomaterial for faecal incontinence due to internal anal sphincter dysfunction. Gut. 2002;51(2):225–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Rosato G, Piccinini P, Oliveira L, et al. Initial results of a new bulking agent for fecal incontinence: a multicenter study. Dis Colon Rectum. 2015;58(2):241–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Dodi G, Jongen J, de la Portilla F, et al. An open-label, noncomparative, multicenter study to evaluate efficacy and safety of NASHA/Dx Gel as a bulking agent for the treatment of fecal incontinence. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2010;2010:467136.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Mellgren A, Matzel KE, Pollack J, et al. Study Group. Long-term efficacy of NASHA Dx injection therapy for treatment of fecal incontinence. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2014;26(8):1087–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Maeda Y, Laurberg S, Norton C. Perianal injectable bulking agents as treatment for faecal incontinence in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;2:CD007959.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Luo C, Samaranayake CB, et al. Systematic review on the efficacy and safety of injectable bulking agents for passive faecal incontinence. Color Dis. 2010;12:296–303.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Ratto A, Parello L, Donisi F, Litta V, De Simone L, et al. Novel bulking agent for faecal incontinence. Br J Surg. 2011;98:1644–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Ratto C, Buntzen S, Aigner F, Altomare DF, Heydari A, Donisi L, Lundby L, Parello A. Multicentre observational study of the Gatekeeper for faecal incontinence. Br J Surg. 2016;103(3):290–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Ratto C, Donisi L, Litta F, et al. Implantation of SphinKeeper™: a new artificial anal sphincter. Tech Coloproctol. 2016;20(1):59–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Trenti L, Biondo S, Noguerales F, Nomdedeu J, Coret A, Scherer R, Fraccalvieri D, Frago R, Kreisler E. Outcomes of Gatekeeper™ prosthesis implantation for the treatment of fecal incontinence: a multicenter observational study. Tech Coloproctol. 2017;21(12):963–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Takahashi T, Garcia-Osogobio S, Valdovinos MA, et al. Extended two-year results of radiofrequency energy delivery for the treatment of fecal incontinence (the Secca procedure). Dis Colon Rectum. 2003;46(6):711–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Efron JE. The Secca procedure: a new therapy for treatment of fecal incontinence. Surg Technol Int. 2004;13:107–10. Review

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Efron JE, Corman ML, Fleshman J, et al. Safety and effectiveness of temperature-controlled radiofrequency energy delivery to the anal canal (Secca procedure) for the treatment of fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum. 2003;46(12):1606–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Takahashi-Monroy T, Morales M, Garcia-Osogobio S, et al. Secca procedure for the treatment of fecal incontinence: results of five-year follow-up. Dis Colon Rectum. 2008;51(3):355–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Felt-Bersma RJ, Szojda MM, Mulder CJ. Temperature-controlled radiofrequency energy (Secca) to the anal canal for the treatment of faecal incontinence offers moderate improvement. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;19(7):575–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Lefebure B, Tuech JJ, Bridoux V, et al. Temperature-controlled radiofrequency energy delivery (Secca procedure) for the treatment of fecal incontinence: results of a prospective study. Int J Color Dis. 2008;23(10):993–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Ruiz D, Pinto RA, Hull TL, et al. Does the radiofrequency procedure for fecal incontinence improve quality of life and incontinence at 1-year followup? Dis Colon Rectum. 2010;53(7):1041–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Herman RM, Berho M, Murawski M, et al. Defining the histopathological changes induced by nonablative radiofrequency treatment of faecal incontinence – a blinded assessment in an animal model. Color Dis. 2015;17(5):433–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Frascio M, Mandolfino F, Imperatore M, et al. The Secca procedure for faecal incontinence: a review. Color Dis. 2014;16(3):167–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Netto OF, Figueirêdo O, Garcia E, Figueirêdo PG. Minisling transobturatório para tratamento cirúrgico da incontinência urinária de esforço. Femina. 2004;32(4):293–7.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Alinsod R. Recent advances in tape slings for female urinary stress incontinence. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2009;2(1):46–50.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Lehur PA, McNevin S, Buntzen S, et al. Magnetic anal sphincter augmentation for the treatment of fecal incontinence: a preliminary report from a feasibility study. Dis Colon Rectum. 2010;53(12):1604–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Sugrue J, Lehur PA, Madoff RD, McNevin S, Buntzen S, Laurberg S, Mellgren A. Long-term experience of magnetic anal sphincter augmentation in patients with fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum. 2017;60(1):87–95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Williams AE, Croft J, Napp V, Corrigan N, Brown JM, Hulme C, Brown SR, Lodge J, Protheroe D, Jayne DG. SaFaRI: sacral nerve stimulation versus the FENIX magnetic sphincter augmentation for adult faecal incontinence: a randomized investigation. Int J Color Dis. 2016;31(2):465–72.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Christiansen J, Roed-Petersen K. Clinical assessment of the anal continence plug. Dis Colon Rectum. 1993;36:740–42.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Norton C, Kamm MA. Anal plug for faecal incontinence. Colorectal Dis. 2001;3:323–27.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Giamundo P, Welber A, Weiss EG, et al. The Procon incontinence device: a new nonsurgical approach to preventing episodes of fecal incontinence. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97:2328–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Sokol ER. Management of fecal incontinence - focus on a vaginal insert for bowel control. Med Devices (Auckl). 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Richter HE, Matthews CA, Muir T, et al. A vaginal bowel-control system for the treatment of fecal incontinence. Obstet Gynecol. 2015;125:540–47.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Varma MG, Matthews CA, Muir T, et al. Impact of a novel vagi- nal bowel control system on bowel function. Dis Colon Rectum. 2016;59(2):127–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Lukacz ES, Segall MM, Wexner SD. Evaluation of an anal insert device for the conservative management of fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum. 2015;58:892–98.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Leo CA, Thomas GP, Hodgkinson JD, Segal JP, Maeda Y, Murphy J, Vaizey CJ. The Renew® anal insert for passive faecal incontinence: a retrospective audit of our use of a novel device. Colorectal Dis. 2019;21(6):684–88.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Segal JP, Leo CA, Hodgkinson JD, Cavazzoni E, Bradshaw E, Lung PFC, Ilangovan R, Vaizey CJ, Faiz OD, Hart AL, Clark SK. Acceptability, effectiveness and safety of a Renew(®) anal insert in patients who have undergone restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Colorectal Dis. 2019;21(1):73–78.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Matzel KE, Stadelmaier U, Hohenfellner M, Gall FP. Electrical stimulation of sacral spinal nerves for treatment of faecal incontinence. Lancet. 1995;346(8983):1124–27.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Wexner SD, Coller JA, Devroede G, et al. Sacral nerve stimulation for fecal incontinence: results of a 120-patient prospective multicenter study. Ann Surg. 2010;251(3):441–49.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Koh H, McSorley S, Hunt S, Quinn M, MacKay G, Anderson J. Sacral neuromodulation for faecal incontinence - 10 years’ experience at a Scottish tertiary centre. Surgeon. 2018;16(4):207–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Patton V, Abraham E, Lubowski DZ. Sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence: medium-term follow-up from a single institution. ANZ J Surg. 2017;87(6):462–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Oliveira L, Hagerman G, Torres ML, et al. Sacral neuromodulation for fecal incontinence in Latin America: initial results of a multicenter study. Tech Coloproctol. 2019;23(6):545–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Director Department of Anorectal Physiology of Rio de Janeiro and CEPEMED, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Lucia Camara Castro Oliveira

Authors
  1. Lucia Camara Castro Oliveira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Director Department of Anorectal Physiology of Rio de Janeiro and CEPEMED, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Lucia Camara Castro Oliveira

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Oliveira, L.C.C. (2020). Anal Incontinence: Minimally Invasive Options. In: Oliveira, L. (eds) Anorectal Physiology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43811-1_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43811-1_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-43810-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-43811-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation