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Central Eye Movement Disorders

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Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology

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Abstract

This chapter aims to review systematically eye movement disorders caused by lesions and diseases of the central nervous system. The ocular motor system follows a well-defined hierarchical organization from the cerebral cortex through the brainstem to the extraocular muscles. Accordingly, specific eye movement disorders are of high localizing value. Therefore, this chapter first reviews the principles and methods of neurological diagnosis. Since many neurological diseases initially present with isolated ocular motor disorders, careful examination of eye movements is crucial. Most of these ocular motor syndromes have distinct clinical features which allow a confident diagnosis at the bedside. For this purpose, this chapter provides a systematic guide for a thorough clinical examination of the different levels of the ocular motor system. The second part of this chapter gives a systematic overview of common ocular motor syndromes and their localizing value based on the current literature.

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Abbreviations

AbN:

Abducens nucleus

AT:

Ataxia-telangiectasia

AOA:

Ataxia oculomotor apraxia

CANVAS:

Cerebellar ataxia with neuropathy and bilateral vestibular areflexia syndrome

CT:

Computed tomography

DLPN:

Dorsolateral pontine nucleus

DVD:

Dissociated vertical deviation

FEF:

Frontal eye fields

INC:

Interstitial nucleus of Cajal

INO:

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia

LCD:

Liquid crystal display

LED:

Light-emitting diode

MLF:

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

NPH:

Nucleus prepositus hypoglossi

OmN:

Oculomotor nucleus

PC:

Posterior commissure

PET:

Positron emission tomography

PPC:

Posterior parietal cortex

PPRF:

Paramedian pontine reticular formation

PSP:

Progressive supranuclear palsy

riMLF:

Rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus

SCA:

Spinocerebellar ataxia

VN:

Vestibular nucleus

VOR:

Vestibulo-ocular reflex

VVOR:

Visually enhanced vestibulo-ocular reflex

WEBINO:

Wall-eyed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Interdisciplinary Center for Vertigo and Neurological Visual Disorders, Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Konrad P. Weber

  2. Neurology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia

    G. Michael Halmágyi

Authors
  1. Konrad P. Weber
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  2. G. Michael Halmágyi
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Correspondence to Konrad P. Weber .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science, Portland, OR, USA

    Daniel M. Albert

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Joan W. Miller

  3. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Dimitri T. Azar

  4. Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Lucy H. Young

Section Editor information

  1. McGill University, Montreal, Canada

    Leonard Levin

  2. Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, USA

    Dean Cestari

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Weber, K.P., Halmágyi, G.M. (2022). Central Eye Movement Disorders. In: Albert, D.M., Miller, J.W., Azar, D.T., Young, L.H. (eds) Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42634-7_56

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