1 Signs and Symptoms
On examination, proptosis and findings in keeping with orbital apex syndrome, including restriction of extraocular movements and visual disturbance, may be seen [1,2,3,4]. Soft tissue swelling, eyelid edema, and conjunctival injection are also possible. Fungal sino-orbital infections with mucormycosis can result in profound ischemia and tissue necrosis; resultantly, when the maxillary sinus is involved, a painful, black necrotic eschar may be seen on the hard palate [5].
2 Differential Diagnosis
The differential diagnosis of sino-orbital fungal disease includes other infectious agents (bacteria, parasitic), inflammatory conditions (orbital apex syndrome, thyroid eye disease, sarcoidosis, and granulomatosis polyangiitis), neoplastic lesions (primary orbital tumor, metastatic lesion, and lymphoma), and vascular malformations (carotid-cavernous fistula) [6].
3 Diagnosis
As the features of sino-orbital fungal disease can be somewhat nonspecific, both clinically and on...
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Roelofs, K.A., Weis, E. (2021). Mucormycosis. In: Ben Simon, G., Greenberg, G., Prat, D. (eds) Atlas of Orbital Imaging . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41927-1_121-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41927-1_121-1
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