Abstract
Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are common diseases of aging that are associated with high morbidity and mortality. They are inextricably linked by multitude of environmental and genetic factors, thus often co-exist in old frail people. The co-occurrence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia is known as osteosarcopenia. The recent advances across all fields of genetics have provide an opportunity to untangle the complex biological and molecular mechanisms underlying osteoporosis, sarcopenia or osteosarcopenia. To date more than 20 GWAS have been performed for different musculoskeletal parameters which have yielded a plenitude of associations containing genes implicated in the structure and function of the bone or muscle. Notably, several cross-phenotype (CP) associations have been found mapping to/near MC4R, FTO, MGMT, TCF4, TMEM18, LINC01104, PEX14, SLC8A1, TGFA. In addition, multivariate approaches which are more robust for assessing pleiotropy have underscored SREBF1 and METTL21C as novel genes with pleiotropic effects on bone and muscle mass. Although our knowledge on the genetic and molecular interplay between bone and muscle has tremendously increase over the past decade, the genetic landscape of osteosarcopenia is yet to be unraveled.
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Trajanoska, K., Rivadeneira, F. (2019). Genetics of Osteosarcopenia. In: Duque, G. (eds) Osteosarcopenia: Bone, Muscle and Fat Interactions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25890-0_10
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