Abstract
Insecticides used in integrated pest management (IPM) can be also detrimental to natural enemies that are naturally present or released in the agroecosystems. Besides the mortality caused by pesticides, sublethal effects (such as reduction in fecundity, fertility, predation/parasitism rates, among others) can be observed on predators and parasitoids. Therefore, assessing the noxiousness of these chemical compounds to beneficial organisms, aiming at the integration of chemical and biological methods in pest control, is important to form the grounds for the development of more efficient, rational, and sustainable IPM programs. This chapter focuses on concepts related to the selectivity of pesticides to beneficial arthropods in pest control. After an introduction covering some aspects regarding pest management and concepts related to selectivity of pesticides, we present results of studies on the effects of pesticides on natural enemies in Neotropical countries. Many of these studies were performed according the methodologies proposed by the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control of Noxious Plants and Animals (IOBC), including fitting the compounds into toxicity and persistence classes. The research focuses on lethal and sublethal effects of phytosanitary products on natural enemies, in different exposition routes (topical application, residual contact, feeding on treated material, etc.) and life stages of the predators and parasitoids. Sublethal effects included alterations on behavior and biological parameters (i.e., reproduction and development). With this information, it is possible to decide whether an insecticide and a natural enemy can be used together in IPM programs, enhancing pest control. This research field should be stimulated to incorporate new strategies to pest management in Latin America.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Albernaz KC, Carvalho GA, Carvalho BF et al (2009) Toxicidade de pesticidas para adultos de Orius insidiosus (Say, 1832) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Arq Inst Biol 76(4):589–595
Bueno AF, Carvalho GA, Santos AC et al (2017) Pesticide selectivity to natural enemies: challenges and constraints for research and field recommendation. Ciênc Rural 47(6):1–10
Carvalho GA, Godoy MS, Parreira DS et al (2010a) Selectivity of growth regulators and neonicotinoids for adults of Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Rev Colomb Entomol 36(2):195–201
Carvalho GA, Godoy MS, Parreira DS et al (2010b) Effect of chemical insecticides used in tomato crops on immature Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Rev Colomb Entomol 36(1):10–15
Degrande PE, Reis PR, Carvalho GA et al (2002) Metodologia para avaliar o impacto de pesticidas sobre inimigos naturais. In: Parra JRP, Botelho PSM, Corrêa-Ferreira BS et al (eds) Controle biológico no Brasil: parasitóides e predadores. Manole, São Paulo, pp 71–94
Foerster LA (2002) Seletividade de inseticidas a predadores a parasitóides. In: Parra JRP, Botelho PSM, Corrêa-Ferreira BS et al (eds) Controle biológico no Brasil: parasitoides e predadores. Manole, São Paulo, pp 95–114
Fogel MN, Schneider MI, Rimoldi F et al (2016) Toxicity assessment of four insecticides with different modes of action on pupae and adults of Eriopis connexa (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a relevant predator of the Neotropical Region. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23(15):14918–14926
Gallo D, Nakano O, Silveira Neto S et al (2002) Entomologia agrícola. FEALQ, Piracicaba
Godoy MS, Carvalho GA, Carvalho BF et al (2010) Seletividade fisiológica de inseticidas em duas espécies de crisopídeos. Pesqui Agropecu Bras 45(11):1253–1258
Gontijo PC, Abbade Neto DO, Oliveira RL et al (2017) Non-target impacts of soybean insecticidal seed treatments on the life history and behavior of Podisus nigrispinus, a predator of fall armyworm. Chemosphere 191:342–349
Haramboure M, Francesena N, Reboredo GR et al (2013) Toxicity of cypermethrin on the neotropical lacewing Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 78(2):339–344
Luna-Cruz A, Rodríguez-Leyva E, Lomeli-Flores JR et al (2015) Toxicity and residual activity of insecticides against Tamarixia triozae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a parasitoid of Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae). J Econ Entomol 108(5):2289–2295
Melo MC, Dellapé PM, Carpintero DL et al (2004) Reduviidae, Miridae y Lygaeoidea (Hemiptera) recolectados en Colonia Carlos Pellegrini (Esteros de Iberá, Corrientes, Argentina). Rev Soc Entomol Argent 63(2):59–67
Moscardini VF, Gontijo PC, Carvalho GA et al (2013) Toxicity and sublethal effects of seven insecticides to egg of the flower bug Orius insidiosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Chemosphere 92(5):490–496
Moscardini VF, Gontijo PC, Michaud JP et al (2015) Sublethal effects of insecticide seed treatments on two Nearctic lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Ecotoxicology 24(5):1152–1161
Moura AP, Carvalho GA, Rigitano RLO (2004) Efeito residual de novos inseticidas utilizados na cultura do tomateiro sobre Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera, Trichogrammatidae). Acta Sci Agron 26(2):231–237
Moura AP, Carvalho GA, Pereira AE et al (2006) Selectivity evaluation of insecticides used to control tomato pests to Trichogramma pretiosum. Biol Control 51:769–778
Nörnberg SD, Grutzmacher AD, Kovaleski A et al (2011) Persistência de agrotóxicos utilizados na produção integrada de maçã a Trichogramma pretiosum. Ciênc Agrotecnol 35(2):305–313
Parra JRP (2014) Biological control in Brazil: an overview. Sci Agric 71(5):420–429
Passos LC, Soares MA, Costa MA et al (2017) Physiological susceptibility of the predator Macrolophus basicornis (Hemiptera: Miridae) to pesticides used to control of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Biocontrol Sci 27(9):1082–1095
Pedroso EC, Carvalho GA, Leite MIS et al (2012) Seletividade de inseticidas utilizados na cultura algodoeira a ovos e larvas de terceiro ínstar de Cycloneda sanguinea. Arq Inst Biol 79(1):61–68
Picanço MC (2010) Manejo integrado de pragas. UFV, Viçosa
Rimoldi F, Fogel MA, Ronco AE et al (2017) Comparative susceptibility of two Neotropical predators, Eriopis connexa and Chrysoperla externa, to acetamiprid and pyriproxyfen: short and long-term effects after egg exposure. Environ Pollut 231(1):1042–1050
Ripper WE, Greenslade RM, Hartley GS (1951) Selective inseticides and biological control. J Econ Entomol 44(4):448–458
Stefanello Júnior GJ, Grutzmacher AD, Grutzmacher DD et al (2008) Efeito de inseticidas usados na cultura do milho sobre a capacidade de parasitismo de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Arq Inst Biol 75(2):187–194
Torres FZV, Carvalho GA, Souza JR et al (2007) Seletividade de inseticidas a Orius insidiosus. Bragantia 66(3):433–439
Vilela M, Carvalho GA, Carvalho CF et al (2010) Seletividade de acaricidas utilizados em cafeeiro para pré-pupas e adultos de Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Arq Inst Biol 57(5):505–510
Zotti MJ, Grutzmacher AD, Grutzmacher DD et al (2010) Seletividade de inseticidas usados na cultura do milho para ovos e ninfas do predador Doru lineare (Eschscholtz, 1822) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae). Arq Inst Biol 77(1):111–118
Zucchi RA, Querino RB, Monteiro RC (2010) Diversity and hosts of Trichogramma in the New World, with emphasis in South America. In: Consoli FL, Parra JRP, Zucchi RA (eds) Egg parasitoids in agroecosystems with emphasis on Trichogramma. Springer, New York, pp 219–236
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), CAPES Foundation (Brazilian Ministry of Education), and the Minas Gerais State Foundation for Research Aid (FAPEMIG) for their collaboration.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Carvalho, G.A., Grützmacher, A.D., Passos, L.C., de Oliveira, R.L. (2019). Physiological and Ecological Selectivity of Pesticides for Natural Enemies of Insects. In: Souza, B., Vázquez, L., Marucci, R. (eds) Natural Enemies of Insect Pests in Neotropical Agroecosystems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24733-1_37
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24733-1_37
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-24732-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-24733-1
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)