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Advances in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Breeding

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Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Industrial and Food Crops

Abstract

Sesame is a high value and important oilseed crop owing to its dietary uses, health benefits and industrial applications. Sesame oil maintains a balanced fatty acid composition with more or less equal and higher percentages of unsaturated fatty acids. In spite of its several merits, it is behind in genetic improvement as compared to other commercial oilseed crops. Narrow genetic base, less attention to genetic improvement and cultivation in marginal lands with poor management practices are the major constraints for increased yield potential. Sesame has ample scope to breed cultivars with greater yield, as the gap between the potential and realized yields in this crop is enormous. Capsule shattering leads to heavy loss of seed yield and the crop is sensitive to a wide array of biotic and abiotic stresses. Innovative breeding approaches such as mutagenesis, somaclonal variation, interspecific hybridization, somatic hybridization and genetic transformation can be used to restructure the plant’s ideotype. In addition, identification of candidate genes/quantitative trait loci (QTL) and their monitoring in succeeding breeding cycles using molecular markers can pave the way for genetic improvement in sesame. In this pursuit, the authors present a detailed outline of the importance of sesame as a potential oilseed crop, its biosystematics, floral biology, genomics, breeding goals, present status of breeding strategies and attention to prospects for sustainable production and productivity in future.

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Acknowledgement

The authors are grateful to all researchers for their valuable contributions included in this pursuit.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology (OUAT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Swapan K. Tripathy

  2. Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, College of Agriculture, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology (OUAT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Jayashree Kar & Dibyabharati Sahu

Authors
  1. Swapan K. Tripathy
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  2. Jayashree Kar
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  3. Dibyabharati Sahu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Swapan K. Tripathy .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia

    Jameel M. Al-Khayri

  2. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Shri Mohan Jain

  3. Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Dennis V. Johnson

Appendices

Appendices

1.1 Appendix I: Research Institutes Relevant to Sesame

Institute

Specialization and research activities in sesame

Contact information and website

Bose Institute, Kolkata

Genetic diversity

Ranjana Prasad

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ranjana_Prasad

C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur, India

Screening for phytoplasma disease

Prabhakaran Kumar Singh, CSAUAT, Kanpur, India

http://csauk.ac.in/

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China

Sinbase and ssr based-genome mapping

Wang Linhai

http://www.sesamebioinfo.org/PMDBase.

Crane Global Solutions Ltd, India

New approaches for crop improvement

Raghav Ram

https://www.zoominfo.com

Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Association mapping of seed oil and protein content

Chun Li

Email:zhy@hnagri.org.cn

http://www.caas.cn/en/index.shtml

Indian Agricultural Research Institute,

New Delhi

Breeding for disease resistance

Sajadun Nabi

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284097386

Indian Institute of Oil-seeds Research (IIOR), Hyderabad-30, India

Oil seeds research including sesame breeding

A. Vishnuvardhan Reddy

email: director.iior@icar.gov.in

http://www.icar-iior.org.in/

Institute of Plant Genetic Resource, Bulgaria

Mechanized harvesting

St. Georgiev,

IPGR, BG – 4122 Sadovo, Plovdiv, Bulgaria http://ipgrbg.com/en/

Izmir Institute of Technology, Turkey

Georg-August-Univ., Germany

SNP identification for GBS analysis

Sami Doganlar, Ayse Ozgur Uncu

Email: samidoganlar@iyte.edu.tr

http://www.iyte.edu.tr/AnaSayfa.aspx?d=ENG

JNKVV, Jabalpur, India

DUS testing

Rajani Bisen

Email: rajanitomar20@gmail.com

http://jnkvv.org/

Joint FAO/IAEA Divi-sion of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture

Sesame improvement by induced mutations

IAEA-TECDOC-1195

https://www.iaea.org/

Louisiana State University, USA

Powdery mildew resistance

P. Venkata Ramana Rao

https://www.facebook.com/public/P-Venkataramana-Rao

Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Nigeria

Disease resistance

H. Nahunnaro

Email: hycenth.nahunnaro@yahoo.com.

http://mautech.edu.ng/new/index.php/en/

Nanjing Agricultural University, China

Genetic linkage map construction

Li-Bin Wei

Email: moelab@njau.edu.cn,

http://english.njau.edu.cn/

National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, India

SNP markers for study of functional polymorphism

Nupur Mondal

Email: nupur.mondal84@gmail.com

http://www.nbpgr.ernet.in/

National Crop Experiment Station, Korea

Disease and Shatter resistance

C.W.KANG, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Cw_Kang

Odisha Univ. of Agril. & Tech, Odisha, India

Gene action, heterosis, combining ability

Swapan K Tripathy

Email: swapankumartripathy@mail.com

http://www.ouat.nic.in/

Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Interspecific hybridization

Yang MinMin

E.mail: nc.saac@nimnimgnay; moc.361@mmgnaybh

http://en.oilcrops.com.cn/

Oil Crops Research Institute, China

Sesame genomics

Linghai Wang

E.mail: wangnuo@dlmu.edu.cn

http://en.oilcrops.com.cn/

Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Pakistan

Bacterial blight resistance

S. Farah Naqvi

Email: dr.inam@uaar.edu.pk

http://www.uaar.edu.pk/

PPV & FRA, Govt. of India

Guidelines for DUS Testing

PPV & FRA, Govt. of India http://plantauthority.gov.in/

Punjab Agricultural. University, India

Genetic diversity using ISSR markers

Hitesh Kumar

Email: hiteshkmr25@gmail.com

http://www.pau.edu/

Suez Canal Univ., 41522 Ismailia, Egypt

Nature of gene action, screening for antinutritional factors

M.A.S. El-Bramawy

Email: el_bramawy71@hotmail.com

http://scuegypt.edu.eg/en/

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India

Interspecific hybridization

S. Rajeswari

Email: rajisundar93@gmail.com

http://www.tnau.ac.in/

Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil

Floral biology

Patrícia Barreto de Andrade

Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil

http://www.ufc.br/

University Goettingen, Germany

Relationship between metabolic and genomic diversity

Petr Karlovsky

Email: pkarlov@gwdg.de

http://www.uni-goettingen.de/en/1.html

University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India

Mechanized harvesting

Vikas V. Kulkarni

Email: VikasVKulkarni@VikasVKulkarni3

http://www.uasd.edu/

University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka

Selection procedure for breeding

Ranjith Pathirana

ranjith.patirana@plantandfood.co.cn

http://www.ruh.ac.lk/ruh/

University of Suleyman Demirel, Turkey

Breeding for ideal plant type

H, Baydar

Email:baydar@ziraat,sdu,edu,tr

https://w3.sdu.edu.tr/international

Izmir Institute of Tech., Turkey

Genome sequencing and SNP based characterization of the high oil crop

Ayse Ozgur Uncu

Email: samidoganlar@iyte.edu.tr

http://www.iyte.edu.tr/AnaSayfa.aspx?d=ENG

1.2 Appendix II: Sesame Genetic Resources and Varieties Developed Through International Sesame Breeding

Cultivar

Important traits

Cultivation location

Zhongzhi13

High oil content, improved variety

China

Baizhima and Mishuozhima

Land races and both contain multiple loci for several agronomic traits

China

Morada

Moderate branching

Venezuela

dr-45

Determinate, mutant of ‘No. 45’

Israel

dt-4, dt-5 and dt-6

Determinate, mutants of Çamdibi

Israel

dt-1, dt-2 and dt-3

Determinate, mutants of Muganl 1-57

Israel

SIK 031 and SIK 013

Resistance to white leaf spot,

China

SIK 031 and SPS 045

Resistance to angular leaf spot

China

‘S2’ and ‘H4’

Stable resistant to Fusarium wilt.

Egypt

Sanliurfa-63189

Resistant to Fusarium wilt

Turkey

SG 22, SG 55, SG 72 and SG 33

Resistant to bacterial blight

Pakistan

Zhuzhi 4”

High yielding

China

D248A

High yielding MS line

China

95 ms-2A and 95 ms-5A

GMS lines

China

Zhonghi 11,12,14

High yielding

China

Ezhi 1, 2, 4

High yielding

China

Zhu 0J3, 9-4155, Hangzhi 2, 98-6204, Zhonghi 18 and 01-2658

High yielding restorer lines

China

AHY TIL 5, AHY TIL 12, RTH 1, AHYT 13, RTH 3, TKG-HY 5 and TKG-HY 4

All are experimental hybrids, 31.0–44.3% in seed yield and 13–48% in oil yield over TKG 22(Check).

India

IC-204078

Moderate branching, very early maturing, low plant height, small capsules, low yield potential

Andhra Pradesh, India

IC-204099

Less branched, early maturing, moderate

Andhra Pradesh, India

C-204337

Less branched, early maturity, medium tall, bold seeds, moderate yield potential, susceptible to phyllody

Rajasthan, India

C-204524

Moderate branching, medium maturity, relatively longer capsules, low yield potential, susceptible to phyllody

Gujrat, India

C-204628

Highly branched, medium tall, medium to late maturity, moderate yield potential

Karnataka, India

C-204653

Highly branched, medium to late maturity, tall and moderate to high yield potential

Kerala, India

C-204681

Highly branched, multilocular (6–8), early maturity, moderate yield potential

West Bengal, India

IC-204773

Highly branched bushy type, late maturity, photosensitive, resistance to phyllody and leaf roller

Nagaland, India

C-204814

Highly branched, medium to late maturity

Mizoram, India

C-204843

Medium branching, multilocular capsules, early

Bihar, India

C-205000

Highly branched bushy type, late maturity

Assam, India

C-205209

Moderate branching, late maturity,

Andhra Pradesh, India

IC-205314

Moderate branching, relatively long capsule

Uttar Pradesh, India

IC-205479

Less branched, early maturity, bold seeds

Himachal Pradesh, India

C-205509

Moderate branching, medium maturity

Odisha, India

C-205595

Moderate branching, late maturity, tall, low yield potential

Odisha, India

IC-205730

Unbranched, medium maturity, relatively long capsules

Rajasthan, India

IC-205817

Moderately branched, relatively long capsules

Tamil Nadu, India

EC-346125-1

Moderately branched, tall, medium-sized capsules, early

Greece

EC-346489

Late maturity, small capsules, white seeds

Afghanistan

EC-346987

Moderately branched, medium-sized capsules

Unknown

EC-377025

Unbranched, glabrous stem, long capsules, low yield potential

Somalia

DLH-2 (S. mulayanum)

Branched, thin glabrous stem, tall, purple flower, black seeds, low susceptibility to phyllody

Delhi, India

SVPR 1

White seed, selection from Western Ghats White

Srivilliputhur, India

VRI 1

Brown seed, Pureline selection from Tirukattupali local

Vridhachalam, India

VRI 2

Reddish brown seed

Vridhachalam, India

VS07023

Landraces, brown seed

Vridhachalam, India

MD 1

Landraces, white seed

Madurai, India

MD 2

Landraces, white seed

Madurai, India

MD 3

Landraces, white seed

Madurai, India

MD 4

Landraces, white seed

Madurai, India

MD 5

Landraces, white seed

Madurai, India

NIC-7943

Shy branching

India

SP-41, VOSI-5846, VOSI-8458, NIC-8202, IS-101,IS-92-2,SI-3265-5

Moderate branching

India

TKG-22, SI-2973, GRT-83125, IS-56, NIC-16268, IS-355

Moderate branching

India

SI-2940, IC-382-2, GT-10, DSK-1, 49-E-SPS-6, ES-29, NIC-8559

Moderate branching

India

KANPUR LOCAL, KMR-77, ES-28, MT-6262, SI-2174, B-7-11

Moderate branching

India

KIS-357-A, KIS-297-2, RJS-29, EC-14121, EC-334952, IC-132408

Profuse branching

India

IS-172, IS-136, IS-750-1-84, IS -184-1, IS-146, SI-44, SI-3275, PjCU-36

Profuse branching

India

S-0448, IC-14160-1, S-0337, KMR-17, C-96128, S-0434,NIC-16236

Profuse branching

India

KIS-357-A, KIS-297-2, VOSI-5846, VOSI-8458, EC-14121, EC-334952,

Basal branching

India

IC-132408, NIC-8202, IS-101, IS-136, IS-146

Basal branching

India

NIC-8984, MT-67-25, MIC-8526,NAL/28/27/31/4, IC-14093, IS-351-2

Basal branching

India

SI-199-2-84, SI-3275, SI-982, PCU-37, PCU-38

Basal branching

India

IS-750-1-84, IS -184-1, IS-92-2, RJS-29, SP-41

Top branching

India

13,598, NIC-8559, NIC-8202, NIC-10622

Top branching

 

KIS-297-2, KIS-357-A, VOSI-5846, VOSI-8458, SP-41, EC-334952, IC-132408, NIC-8202

Dense hairiness of flower petal

India

EC-14121, RJS-29, MT-6262, NIC-8984

Sparse hairiness of flower petal

India

GT-10, TKG-22, RT-54

Light purple petal of flower

India

  1. In addition, a detailed list of Indian sesame improved varieties with specific traits has been mentioned in Table 15.7

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Tripathy, S.K., Kar, J., Sahu, D. (2019). Advances in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Breeding. In: Al-Khayri, J., Jain, S., Johnson, D. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Industrial and Food Crops. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23265-8_15

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