Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Sesame

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Technological Innovations in Major World Oil Crops, Volume 1

Abstract

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the oldest domesticated oilseed crops. Due to the presence of high oil, protein and other nutritional elements, its seed has become an important ingredient of food and feed. However, lack of information about sesame yield structure has restricted the process of crop improvement through breeding. Sesame breeding methods vary from plant selection and hybridization to molecular breeding. Genetic variability in a species is the basic requirement of any breeding program. Available genetic diversity is either directly used for evaluation and selection or desired traits are combined into a single plant via hybridization and backcrossing. Sesame germplasm evaluation and selection for high-yielding varieties are based on genetic heritability estimates of yield-related traits including higher number of capsules, branches and plant biomass, etc. Mutational techniques are employed for broadening genetic diversity of sesame breeding material. Concentrations and application time of any mutagen were found critical for mutation-breeding program. Large number of sesame varieties possessing desirable traits for higher yield and better quality has been developed through mutagenesis. Application of innovative breeding methods helps to reduce our dependence on existence of genetic variability within a species and overcome the limitations of conventional breeding. For this purpose biotechnological techniques have been introduced to sesame breeding programs. Protocols for sesame in vitro culturing and genetic transformation are optimized by using appropriate concentration of hormones and nutrients. Various marker-assisted selection (MAS) techniques such as isozymes, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR), etc. are also used in sesame breeding to study genetic variability of sesame to increase selection efficiency.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abdellatef E, Sirelkhatem R, Mohamed AMM, Radwan KH, Khalafalla MM (2008) Study of genetic diversity in Sudanese sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) germplasm using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Afr J Biotechnol 7:4423–4427

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agboola SA (1979) The agricultural atlas of Nigeria. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Ali GM, Yasumoto S, Seki-Katsuka M (2007) Assessment of genetic diversity in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) detected by amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. Electron J Biotechnol 10(1):12–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Annapurna-Kishore-Kumar MS, Hiremath SC (2008) Cytological analysis of interspecific hybrid between Sesamum indicum L.  ×  S. orientale L. var. malabaricum. Karnataka J Agric Sci 21(4):498–502

    Google Scholar 

  • Arslan Ç, Uzun B, Ülger S, Çağırgan Mİ (2007) Determination of oil content and fatty acid composition of sesame mutants suited for intensive management conditions. J Am Oil Chem Soc 84:917–920

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashakumary L, Rouyer I, Takahashi Y, Ide T, Fukuda N, Aoyama T, Hashimoto T, Mizugaki M, Sugano M (1999) Sesamin, a sesame lignan, is a potent inducer of hepatic fatty acid oxidation in the rat. Metabolism 48:1303–1313

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashri A (1981) Increased genetic variability for sesame improvement by hybridisation and induced mutations. In: Ashri A (ed) Sesame: status and improvement. FAO plant production and protection paper, FAO, Rome, pp 141–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashri A (1989) Sesame. In: Robbelen G, Downey RK, Ashri A (eds) Oil crops of the world: their breeding and utilization. McGraw Hill, New York, pp 375–387

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashri A (2007) Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). In: Singh RJ (ed) Genetic resources, chromosome engineering and crop improvement, vol 4, Oilseed crops. CRC, Boca Raton, FL, pp 231–289

    Google Scholar 

  • Baskaran P, Jayabalan N (2006) In vitro mass propagation and diverse callus orientation on Sesamum indicum L. – an important oil plant. J Agric Tech 2:259–269

    Google Scholar 

  • Baydar H (2005) Breeding for the improvement of the ideal plant type of sesame. Plant Breed 124:263–267

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bedigian D (2003) Sesame in Africa: origin and dispersals. In: Neumann K, Butler A, Kahlheber S (eds) Food, Fuel and Fields - Progress in African Archaeobotany, Africa Praehistorica. Heinrich-Barth-Institute, Cologne, pp 17–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Bedigian D (2004) History and lore of sesame in Southwest Asia. Econ Bot 58:329–353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhuyan J, Sarma MK (2003) Identification of heterotic crosses involving cytoplasmic-genetic male sterile lines in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Sesame Safflower Newslett 18:7–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhuyan J, Ramalingm RS, Sree-Rangaswamy SR (1997) Development of cytoplasmic-genic male sterile lines in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) through genome substitution. Bull Pure Applied Sci B16:17–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Bisht IS, Bhat KV, Lakhanpaul S, Biswas BK, Pandiyan M, Hanchinal RR (2004) Broadening the genetic base of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) through germplasm enhancement. Plant Genet Resour 2:143–151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Çağırgan MI (2006) Selection and morphological characterization of induced determinate mutants in sesame. Field Crop Res 96:19–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cahill DJ, Schmidt DH (2004) Use of marker assisted selection in a product development breeding program. In: Fischer T, Turner N, Angus J, Mcintyre L, Robertson M, Borrell A, Lloyd D (eds) New directions for a diverse planet: Proceedings of the 4th International Crop Science Congress, Brisbane, Australia, 26 Sept–1 Oct 2004

    Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury S, Datta AK (2008) Radiation induced macromutation in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). J Phytol Res 21:181–185

    Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury S, Datta AK, Maity S (2009) Cytogenetical and agronomical aspects of radiation induced marker trait mutants in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Ind J Sci Technol 2:58–61

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dasharath K, Sridevi O, Salimath PM (2007a) In vitro multiplication of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Ind J Crop Sci 2:121–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Dasharath K, Sridevi O, Salimath PM, Ramesh T (2007b) Production of interspecific hybrids in sesame through embryo rescue. Ind J Crop Sci 2:193–196

    Google Scholar 

  • Desai BB (2004) Seeds handbook: biology, production, processing, and storage. Marcel Dekker, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Dixit AA, Jin MH, Chung JW, Yu JW, Chung HK, Ma KH, Park YJ, Cho EG (2005) Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Mol Ecol Notes 5:736–738

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El-Bramawy MASA, Abd Al-Wahid OA (2009) Evaluation of resistance of selected sesame (Sesamum indicum) genotypes to Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami. Tunisian J Plant Protect 4:29–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Elleuch M, Besbes S, Roiseux O, Blecker C, Attia H (2007) Quality characteristics of sesame seeds and by-products. Food Chem 103:641–650

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ganesh SK, Sakila M (1999) Association analysis of single plant yield and its yield contribution characters in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Sesame Safflower Newslett 14:15–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Ganesh SK, Thangavelu S (1995) Genetic divergence in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Madras Agric J 82:263–265

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawkes J (1983) The diversity of crop plants. Harvard University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoballah AA (2001) Selection and agronomic evaluation of induced mutant lines of sesame. In: Sesame improvement by induced mutations, IAEA-TECDOC-1195. IAEA, Vienna, pp 137–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Hou RC, Huang HM, Tzen JT, Jeng KC (2003) Protective effects of sesamin and sesamolin on hypoxic neuronal and PC12 cells. J Neurosci Res 74:123–133

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ihlenfeldt HD, Grabow-Seidensticker U (1979) The genus Sesamum L. and the origin of the cultivated sesame. In: Kunkel G (ed) Taxonomic aspects of African economic botany: Proceedings of the IX plenary meeting of AETFAT, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, pp 53–60

    Google Scholar 

  • IPGRI and NBPGR (2004) Descriptors for sesame (sesamum spp). International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, and National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi. ISBN. 92-9043-632-8

    Google Scholar 

  • Isshiki JL, Umezaki T (1997a) Genetic variations of isozymes in cultivated sesame. Euphytica 93:375–377

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isshiki S, Umezaki T (1997b) Genetic variation of isozymes in cultivated sesame. Euphytica 93:375–377

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim DH, Zur G, Danin-Poleg Y, Lee S, Shim K, Kang C, Kashi Y (2002) Genetic relationships of sesame germplasm collection as revealed by inter-simple sequence repeats. Plant Breed 121:259–262

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi T (1991) Cytogenetics of sesame (Sesamum indicum). In: Tsuchiya T, Gupta PK (eds) Chromosome engineering in plants: genetics, breeding, evolution, Part B. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 581–592

    Google Scholar 

  • Langham DG (1946) Genetics of sesame III: “open sesame” and mottled leaf. J Hered 37:149–152

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mary RJ, Jayabalan N (1995) EMS induced variability in sesame. Crop Improv 22:170–174

    Google Scholar 

  • Mensah JK, Obadoni BO, Akomeah PA, Ikhajiagbe B, Ajibolu J (2007) The effects of sodium azide and colchicine treatments on morphological and yield traits of sesame seed (Sesame indica L.). Afr J Biotechnol 6(5):534–538

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mubashir AK, Mirza MY, Akmal M, Ali N, Khan I (2007) Genetic parameters and their implications for yield improvement in sesame. Sarhad J Agric 23:623–627

    Google Scholar 

  • Mubashir AK, Mirza MY, Akmal M, Rashid A, Mohmand AS, Nawaz MS, Nawaz N, Yousuf M (2009) Study of heterosis in ten crosses of sesame. Pak J Agric Res 22:127–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol Plant 15:473–497

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nanthakumar G, Singh KN, Vaidyanathan P (2000) Relationships between cultivated sesame (Sesamum sp.) and the wild relatives based on morphological characters, isozymes and RAPD markers. J Genet Breed 54:5–12

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicolson D, Wieserma J (2004) Proposal to conserve Sesamum indicum against Sesamum orientale (Pedaliaceae). Taxon 53(1):210–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Noguchi T, Ikeda K, Sasaki Y, Yamamoto J, Yamori Y (2004) Effects of vitamin E and sesamin on hypertension and cerebral thrombogenesis in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2:24–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rajeswari S, Thiruvengadam V, Ramaswamy NM (2010) Production of interspecific hybrids between Sesamum alatum Thonn and Sesamum indicum L. through ovule culture and screening for phyllody disease resistance. S Afr J Bot 76:252–258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rao KR, Kishor PBK, Vaidyanath K (2002) Biotechnology of sesame-an oil seed crop. Plant Cell Biotechnol Mol Biol 3:101–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Saravanan S, Nadarajan N (2005) Effect of media supplements on in vitro response of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes research. J Agric Biol Sci 1(1):98–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarwar G, Haq MA (2006) Evaluation of sesame germplasm for genetic parameters and disease resistance. J Agric Res 44(2):89–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarwar G, Hussain J (2010) Selection criteria in M3 and M4 population of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). J Agric Res 48(1):39–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarwar G, Haq MA, Mughal MS (2005) Genetic parameters and correlation study in diverse types of sesame germplasm. Sesame and Safflower NL 20:29–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Saydut A, Zahir-Duz M, Kaya C, Kafadar AB, Hamamci C (2008) Transesterified sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed oil as a biodiesel fuel. Bioresour Technol 99:6656–6660

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sengupta S, Datta AK (2005) Induced narrow leaf mutant of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Ind J Genet 65:59–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh PK, Akram M, Vajpeyi M, Srivastava RL, Kumar K, Naresh R (2007) Screening and development of resistant sesame varieties against phytoplasma. Bull Insectol 60:303–304

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO Statistics Division (2008) http://faostat.fao.org

  • Taskin KM, Ercan AG, Turgut K (1999) Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Turk J Bot 23:291–295

    Google Scholar 

  • Tunde-Akintunde TY, Akintunde BO (2004) Some physical properties of sesame seed. Biosyst Engin 88:127–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uzun B, Çağırgan MI (2009) Identification of molecular markers linked to determinate growth habit in sesame. Euphytica 166:379–384

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Zanten L (2001) Sesame improvement by induced mutations. Results of the coordinated research projects and recommendation for future studies. Final reports of an FAO/IAEA Coordinated research project organized by joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, pp 1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Wei LB, Zhang HY, Zheng YZ, Miao HM, Zhang TZ, Guo WZ (2009) A genetic linkage map construction for sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Genes Genomics 31:199–208

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss EA (2000) Oilseed crops, 2nd edn. Oxford, Blackwell Science, pp 131–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Were BA, Gudu S, Onkware AO, Carlsson AS, Welander M (2006) In vitro regeneration of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) from seedling cotyledon and hypocotyl explants. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 85:235–239

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williamson KS, Morris JB, Pye QN, Chandrashekhar DK, Hensley K (2007) A survey of sesamin and composition of tocopherol variability from seeds of eleven diverse sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes using HPLCPAD-ECD. Phytochem Anal 19:311–322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wongyai W, Saengkaewsook W, Veerawudh J (2001) Sesame mutation induction: improvement of non-shattering capsule by using gamma rays and EMS. In: Sesame improvement by induced mutations, IAEA-TECDOC-1195. IAEA, Vienna, pp 71–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu WH (2007) The contents of lignans in commercial sesame oils of Taiwan and their changes during heating. Food Chem 104:34–344

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu L, Najeeb U, Shen WQ, Jilani G, Rasheed M, Zhou WJ (2009) Establishment of Agrobacterium – mediated Bt gene transformation system in mat rush (Juncus effusus L.). Pak J Bot 41(5):2615–2624

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yadav LN, Tripathi MK, Sikarwar RS, Mishra AK (2005) Heterosis in sesame. Sesame Safflower Newslett 2005:20

    Google Scholar 

  • Yadav M, Sainger DCM, Jaiwal PK (2010) Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 103(3):377–386. doi:10.1007/s11240-010-9791-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

We are highly grateful for the support from scientific officers of Oilseed Program of National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan; PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan; College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Crop Sciences Institute, National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan

    U. Najeeb, M. Y. Mirza & A. K. Mubashir

  2. Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China

    U. Najeeb

  3. Department of Agronomy, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

    G. Jilani

  4. Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

    W. J. Zhou

Authors
  1. U. Najeeb
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Y. Mirza
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. G. Jilani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. K. Mubashir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. W. J. Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to U. Najeeb .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Agricultural Sciences & Technology, FOA Chatha, Sher-e-Kashmir University of, Jammu, 180009, India

    S.K. Gupta

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Najeeb, U., Mirza, M.Y., Jilani, G., Mubashir, A.K., Zhou, W.J. (2012). Sesame. In: Gupta, S. (eds) Technological Innovations in Major World Oil Crops, Volume 1. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0356-2_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation