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History of Rabies and Rabies Vaccines

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Rabies and Rabies Vaccines

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Abstract

Lyssaviruses continue to evolve and pose threats to humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. As a fatal disease of zoonotic importance, rabies is fortunately preventable, thanks to the advent of potent biologics. Pioneering works done during the last two centuries act as cornerstone of research making rabies diagnosis, prevention, control, and selective elimination possible. The field has benefited immensely from the tremendous scientific advancement during the last three decades in virology, molecular biology, vaccinology, and delivery systems. Vaccines have evolved from the first generation of crude nerve tissue-based products to recombinant vaccines. Cell culture-based inactivated rabies vaccines for intramuscular (IM) and intradermal (ID) use in humans continue to play a pivotal role when it comes to rabies prophylaxis. Parenteral and oral vaccinations prove time and again promising tools for rabies control in domestic animals and wildlife. Improvements likely to cause paradigm shift include products based on virus-like particles, obviating the need for a high containment facility; sparing usage of antigens using new adjuvants; delivery using novel systems; and direct inoculation of potent vaccines without the need of rabies immune globulin (RIG).

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Nagarajan, T., Rupprecht, C.E. (2020). History of Rabies and Rabies Vaccines. In: Ertl, H. (eds) Rabies and Rabies Vaccines. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21084-7_2

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