Abstract
Clinical research has now shown that dietary supplements can be of benefit for geriatric patients, and many elders do take them. Understanding the science of dietary supplements is central to providing good medical counsel to geriatric patients. Like pharmaceuticals, there are attendant risks to the use of supplements, both intrinsic risks, and through drug-supplement interactions. In addition, the FDA does not regulate dietary supplements as stringently, so the medical provider must understand clearly the evidence of dietary supplements, as well as how to evaluate products on the market. This chapter reviews the science of dietary supplements, identifying mechanisms of action, indications, and adverse effects of beneficial dietary supplements. It also identifies a process of vetting supplements so as to optimize benefit while mitigating risks, with an emphasis on a shared decision-making model, so as to both inform patients and be clear in the medical record.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
FDA US. Dietary supplements: what you need to know [updated 11/29/179/13/18]. Available from: https://www.fda.gov/Food/DietarySupplements/UsingDietarySupplements/ucm109760.htm.
Gahche JJ, Bailey RL, Potischman N, Dwyer JT. Dietary supplement use was very high among older adults in the United States in 2011–2014. J Nutr. 2017;147(10):1968–76.
Consumerlab.com. [1/10/18]. Available from: https://www.consumerlab.com.
Pharmacopeia US. Dietary Supplements Verification Program. Available from: http://www.usp.org/verification-services/dietary-supplements-verification-program.
NSF. Dietary Supplements GMP Registration. Available from: http://www.nsf.org/services/by-industry/dietary-supplements/dietary-supplements-gmp-registration.
Farahani MS, Bahramsoltani R, Farzaei MH, Abdollahi M, Rahimi R. Plant-derived natural medicines for the management of depression: an overview of mechanisms of action. Rev Neurosci. 2015;26(3):305–21.
Concerto C, Boo H, Hu C, Sandilya P, Krish A, Chusid E, et al. Hypericum perforatum extract modulates cortical plasticity in humans. Psychopharmacology. 2018;235(1):145–53.
Linde K, Berner MM, Kriston L. St John’s wort for major depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;(4):CD000448.
Varteresian T, Lavretsky H. Natural products and supplements for geriatric depression and cognitive disorders: an evaluation of the research. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2014;16(8):456.
Kasper S. Phytopharmaceutical treatment of anxiety, depression, and dementia in the elderly: evidence from randomized, controlled clinical trials. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2015;165(11–12):217–28.
Kasper S, Gastpar M, Muller WE, Volz HP, Dienel A, Kieser M, et al. Efficacy of St. John’s wort extract WS 5570 in acute treatment of mild depression: a reanalysis of data from controlled clinical trials. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008;258(1):59–63.
Shi S, Klotz U. Drug interactions with herbal medicines. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2012;51(2):77–104.
Knüppel L, Linde K. Adverse effects of St. John’s Wort: a systematic review. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004.
Council AAB. [Updated 8/12/19]. Available from: http://cms.herbalgram.org/herbclip/149/review42254.html. This is a monograph on Gingko biloba published by the American Botanical Council.
Weinmann S, Roll S, Schwarzbach C, Vauth C, Willich SN. Effects of Ginkgo biloba in dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr. 2010;10:14.
von Gunten A, Schlaefke S, Uberla K. Efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761((R)) in dementia with behavioural and psychological symptoms: a systematic review. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2016;17(8):622–33.
Gauthier S, Schlaefke S. Efficacy and tolerability of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761(R) in dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Clin Interv Aging. 2014;9:2065–77.
Tan J, Peng H. Clinical analysis of Ginkgo biloba injection combined with traditional therapy in treatment of explosive deafness. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2015;33(4):279–81.
Savaskan E, Mueller H, Hoerr R, von Gunten A, Gauthier S. Treatment effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761® on the spectrum of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int Psychogeriatr. 2017:30(3):285–293.
Birks J, Evans JG. Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(1):CD003120.
Butler M, Nelson VA, Davila H, Ratner E, Fink HA, Hemmy LS, et al. Over-the-counter supplement interventions to prevent cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and clinical Alzheimer-type dementia: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2018;168(1):52–62.
Kellermann AJ, Kloft C. Is there a risk of bleeding associated with standardized Ginkgo biloba extract therapy? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacotherapy. 2011;31(5):490–502.
Markowitz JS, Donovan JL, Lindsay DeVane C, Sipkes L, Chavin KD. Multiple-dose administration of Ginkgo biloba did not affect cytochrome P-450 2D6 or 3A4 activity in normal volunteers. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003;23(6):576–81.
Guo CX, Pei Q, Yin JY, Peng XD, Zhou BT, Zhao YC, et al. Effects of Ginkgo biloba extracts on pharmacokinetics and efficacy of atorvastatin based on plasma indices. Xenobiotica. 2012;42(8):784–90.
Dai LL, Fan L, Wu HZ, Tan ZR, Chen Y, Peng XD, et al. Assessment of a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between simvastatin and Ginkgo biloba extracts in healthy subjects. Xenobiotica. 2013;43(10):862–7.
Dylag K, Hubalewska-Mazgaj M, Surmiak M, Szmyd J, Brzozowski T. Probiotics in the mechanism of protection against gut inflammation and therapy of gastrointestinal disorders. Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20(7):1149–55.
Zhang YJ, Li S, Gan RY, Zhou T, Xu DP, Li HB. Impacts of gut bacteria on human health and diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(4):7493–519.
Esposito S, Rigante D, Principi N. Do children’s upper respiratory tract infections benefit from probiotics? BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14:194.
Donskey CJ. Clostridium difficile in older adults. Infect Dis Clin N Am. 2017;31(4):743–56.
Shen NT, Leff JA, Schneider Y, Crawford CV, Maw A, Bosworth B, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of probiotic use to prevent Clostridium difficile infection in hospitalized adults receiving antibiotics. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2017;4(3):ofx148.
Goldenberg JZ, Yap C, Lytvyn L, Lo CK, Beardsley J, Mertz D, et al. Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;(12):CD006095.
Hempel S, Newberry SJ, Maher AR, Wang Z, Miles JN, Shanman R, et al. Probiotics for the prevention and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2012;307(18):1959–69.
Hauser G, Salkic N, Vukelic K, JajacKnez A, Stimac D. Probiotics for standard triple Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94(17):e685.
Hempel S, Newberry S, Ruelaz A, Wang Z, Miles JN, Suttorp MJ, et al. Safety of probiotics used to reduce risk and prevent or treat disease. Evid Rep Technol Assess. 2011;200:1–645.
Besselink MG, van Santvoort HC, van der Heijden GJ, Buskens E, Gooszen HG, Dutch Acute Pancreatitis Study G. New randomized trial of probiotics in pancreatitis needed? Caution advised. Langenbeck’s Arch Surg. 2009;394(1):191–2; author reply 3–4.
Sterzi S, Giordani L, Morrone M, Lena E, Magrone G, Scarpini C, et al. The efficacy and safety of a combination of glucosamine hydrochloride, chondroitin sulfate and bio-curcumin with exercise in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2016;52(3):321–30.
Kanzaki N, Saito K, Maeda A, Kitagawa Y, Kiso Y, Watanabe K, et al. Effect of a dietary supplement containing glucosamine hydrochloride, chondroitin sulfate and quercetin glycosides on symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Sci Food Agric. 2012;92(4):862–9.
Runhaar J, Rozendaal RM, van Middelkoop M, Bijlsma HJW, Doherty M, Dziedzic KS, et al. Subgroup analyses of the effectiveness of oral glucosamine for knee and hip osteoarthritis: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis from the OA trial bank. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(11):1862–9.
Harrison-Munoz S, Rojas-Briones V, Irarrazaval S. Is glucosamine effective for osteoarthritis? Medwave. 2017;17(Suppl1):e6867.
Roman-Blas JA, Castaneda S, Sanchez-Pernaute O, Largo R, Herrero-Beaumont G, Group CGCTS. Combined treatment with chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate shows no superiority over placebo for reduction of joint pain and functional impairment in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a six-month multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017;69(1):77–85.
Selvan T, Rajiah K, Nainar MS, Mathew EM. A clinical study on glucosamine sulfate versus combination of glucosamine sulfate and NSAIDs in mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis. Sci World J. 2012;2012:902676.
Saengnipanthkul S, Waikakul S, Rojanasthien S, Totemchokchyakarn K, Srinkapaibulaya A, Cheh Chin T, Mai Hong N, Bruyere O, Cooper C, Reginster JY, Lwin M. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases. 2019;22(3):376–385.
Fransen M, Agaliotis M, Nairn L, Votrubec M, Bridgett L, Su S, et al. Glucosamine and chondroitin for knee osteoarthritis: a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating single and combination regimens. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(5):851–8.
National Center for Complimentary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health. The NIH glucosamine/chondroitin arthritis intervention trial (GAIT). J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2008;22(1):39–43.
Reginster JY, Neuprez A, Lecart MP, Sarlet N, Bruyere O. Role of glucosamine in the treatment for osteoarthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2012;32(10):2959–67.
Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(3):266–81.
Tremezaygues L, Sticherling M, Pfohler C, Friedrich M, Meineke V, Seifert M, et al. Cutaneous photosynthesis of vitamin D: an evolutionary highly-conserved endocrine system that protects against environmental hazards including UV-radiation and microbial infections. Anticancer Res. 2006;26(4A):2743–8.
Pludowski P, Karczmarewicz E, Bayer M, Carter G, Chlebna-Sokol D, Czech-Kowalska J, et al. Practical guidelines for the supplementation of vitamin D and the treatment of deficits in Central Europe – recommended vitamin D intakes in the general population and groups at risk of vitamin D deficiency. Endokrynol Pol. 2013;64(4):319–27.
Institute of Medicine (US) Committee to Review Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium; Ross AC, Taylor CL, Yaktine AL, Del Valle HB, editors. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2011.
Galizia I, Oldani L, Macritchie K, Amari E, Dougall D, Jones TN, et al. S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe) for depression in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(10):CD011286.
Sharma A, Gerbarg P, Bottiglieri T, Massoumi L, Carpenter LL, Lavretsky H, et al. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) for neuropsychiatric disorders: a clinician-oriented review of research. J Clin Psychiatry. 2017;78(6):e656–e67.
Sarris J; Byrne GJ; Bousman C; Stough C; Murphy J; MacDonald P; Adams L; Nazareth S; Oliver G; Cribb L; Savage K; Menon R; Chamoli S; Berk M; Ng C; Mischoulon D. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 2018;28(10):1126–1136.
Guo T, Chang L, Xiao Y, Liu Q. S-adenosyl-L-methionine for the treatment of chronic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0122124.
Jacobsen S, Danneskiold-Samsoe B, Andersen RB. Oral S-adenosylmethionine in primary fibromyalgia. Double-blind clinical evaluation. Scand J Rheumatol. 1991;20(4):294–302.
Shehzad A, Qureshi M, Anwar MN, Lee YS. Multifunctional curcumin mediate multitherapeutic effects. J Food Sci. 2017;82(9):2006–15.
Akuri MC, Barbalho SM, Val RM, Guiguer EL. Reflections about osteoarthritis and Curcuma longa. Pharmacogn Rev. 2017;11(21):8–12.
Amalraj A, Varma K, Jacob J, Divya C, Kunnumakkara AB, Stohs SJ, et al. A novel highly bioavailable curcumin formulation improves symptoms and diagnostic indicators in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-dose, three-arm, and parallel-group study. J Med Food. 2017;20(10):1022–30.
Hewlings SJ, Kalman DS. Curcumin: a review of its’ effects on human health. Foods. 2017;6(10):92.
Perkins K, Sahy W, Beckett RD. Efficacy of curcuma for treatment of osteoarthritis. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017;22(1):156–65.
Liu X, Machado GC, Eyles JP, Ravi V, Hunter DJ. Dietary supplements for treating osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2018;52:167–75.
Daily JW, Yang M, Park S. Efficacy of turmeric extracts and curcumin for alleviating the symptoms of joint arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Med Food. 2016;19(8):717–29.
Ross SM. Turmeric (Curcuma longa): effects of Curcuma longa extracts compared with ibuprofen for reduction of pain and functional improvement in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Holist Nurs Pract. 2016;30(3):183–6.
Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Dugall M, Pellegrini L, Ledda A, Grossi MG, et al. Efficacy and safety of Meriva(R), a curcumin-phosphatidylcholine complex, during extended administration in osteoarthritis patients. Altern Med Rev. 2010;15(4):337–44.
Kuptniratsaikul V, Dajpratham P, Taechaarpornkul W, Buntragulpoontawee M, Lukkanapichonchut P, Chootip C, et al. Efficacy and safety of Curcuma domestica extracts compared with ibuprofen in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a multicenter study. Clin Interv Aging. 2014;9:451–8.
Pinsornsak P, Niempoog S. The efficacy of Curcuma Longa L. extract as an adjuvant therapy in primary knee osteoarthritis: a randomized control trial. J Med Assoc Thail. 2012;95(Suppl 1):S51–8.
Nakagawa Y, Mukai S, Yamada S, Matsuoka M, Tarumi E, Hashimoto T, et al. Short-term effects of highly-bioavailable curcumin for treating knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled prospective study. J Orthop Sci. 2014;19(6):933–9.
Kuptniratsaikul V, Thanakhumtorn S, Chinswangwatanakul P, Wattanamongkonsil L, Thamlikitkul V. Efficacy and safety of Curcuma domestica extracts in patients with knee osteoarthritis. J Altern Complement Med. 2009;15(8):891–7.
Chandran B, Goel A. A randomized, pilot study to assess the efficacy and safety of curcumin in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Phytother Res. 2012;26(11):1719–25.
Panahi Y, Rahimnia AR, Sharafi M, Alishiri G, Saburi A, Sahebkar A. Curcuminoid treatment for knee osteoarthritis: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res. 2014;28(11):1625–31.
Rahimnia AR, Panahi Y, Alishiri G, Sharafi M, Sahebkar A. Impact of supplementation with curcuminoids on systemic inflammation in patients with knee osteoarthritis: findings from a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Drug Res (Stuttg). 2015;65(10):521–5.
Henrotin Y, Priem F, Mobasheri A. Curcumin: a new paradigm and therapeutic opportunity for the treatment of osteoarthritis: curcumin for osteoarthritis management. Springerplus. 2013;2(1):56.
Conrozier T, Mathieu P, Bonjean M, Marc JF, Renevier JL, Balblanc JC. A complex of three natural anti-inflammatory agents provides relief of osteoarthritis pain. Altern Ther Health Med. 2014;20(Suppl 1):32–7.
Chuengsamarn S, Rattanamongkolgul S, Luechapudiporn R, Phisalaphong C, Jirawatnotai S. Curcumin extract for prevention of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(11):2121–7.
Ghosh S, Banerjee S, Sil PC. The beneficial role of curcumin on inflammation, diabetes and neurodegenerative disease: a recent update. Food Chem Toxicol. 2015;83:111–24.
Chuengsamarn S, Rattanamongkolgul S, Phonrat B, Tungtrongchitr R, Jirawatnotai S. Reduction of atherogenic risk in patients with type 2 diabetes by curcuminoid extract: a randomized controlled trial. J Nutr Biochem. 2014;25(2):144–50.
Gasiorowski A, Dutkiewicz J. Comprehensive rehabilitation in chronic heart failure. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2013;20(3):606–12.
Lee JH, Jarreau T, Prasad A, Lavie C, O’Keefe J, Ventura H. Nutritional assessment in heart failure patients. Congest Heart Fail. 2011;17(4):199–203.
Allard ML, Jeejeebhoy KN, Sole MJ. The management of conditioned nutritional requirements in heart failure. Heart Fail Rev. 2006;11(1):75–82.
Witte KK, Nikitin NP, Parker AC, von Haehling S, Volk HD, Anker SD, et al. The effect of micronutrient supplementation on quality-of-life and left ventricular function in elderly patients with chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2005;26(21):2238–44.
Sole MJ, Jeejeebhoy KN. Conditioned nutritional requirements: therapeutic relevance to heart failure. Herz. 2002;27(2):174–8.
Aslanabadi N, Safaie N, Asgharzadeh Y, Houshmand F, Ghaffari S, Garjani A, et al. The randomized clinical trial of coenzyme Q10 for the prevention of periprocedural myocardial injury following elective percutaneous coronary intervention. Cardiovasc Ther. 2016;34(4):254–60.
Alehagen U, Alexander J, Aaseth J. Supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 reduces cardiovascular mortality in elderly with low selenium status. A secondary analysis of a randomised clinical trial. PLoS One. 2016;11(7):e0157541.
Marazzi G, Pelliccia F, Campolongo G, Quattrino S, Cacciotti L, Volterrani M, et al. Usefulness of nutraceuticals (Armolipid Plus) versus ezetimibe and combination in statin-intolerant patients with dyslipidemia with coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 2015;116(12):1798–801.
Okello E, Jiang X, Mohamed S, Zhao Q, Wang T. Combined statin/coenzyme Q10 as adjunctive treatment of chronic heart failure. Med Hypotheses. 2009;73(3):306–8.
Taylor BA, Lorson L, White CM, Thompson PD. A randomized trial of coenzyme Q10 in patients with confirmed statin myopathy. Atherosclerosis. 2015;238(2):329–35.
Mortensen SA, Rosenfeldt F, Kumar A, Dolliner P, Filipiak KJ, Pella D, et al. The effect of coenzyme Q10 on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure: results from Q-SYMBIO: a randomized double-blind trial. JACC Heart Fail. 2014;2(6):641–9.
Oleck S, Ventura HO. Coenzyme Q10 and utility in heart failure: just another supplement? Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2016;13(4):190–5.
Jankowski J, Korzeniowska K, Cieslewicz A, Jablecka A. Coenzyme Q10 – a new player in the treatment of heart failure? Pharmacol Rep. 2016;68(5):1015–9.
Fotino AD, Thompson-Paul AM, Bazzano LA. Effect of coenzyme Q(1)(0) supplementation on heart failure: a meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(2):268–75.
Zhao Q, Kebbati AH, Zhang Y, Tang Y, Okello E, Huang C. Effect of coenzyme Q10 on the incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure. J Investig Med. 2015;63(5):735–9.
Bagheri Nesami N, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Najarzadeh A, Salehifar E. The effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on pro-inflammatory factors and adiponectin in mildly hypertensive patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2015;85(3–4):156–64.
Li Z, Wang P, Yu Z, Cong Y, Sun H, Zhang J, et al. The effect of creatine and coenzyme q10 combination therapy on mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. Eur Neurol. 2015;73(3–4):205–11.
Yoritaka A, Kawajiri S, Yamamoto Y, Nakahara T, Ando M, Hashimoto K, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial of reduced coenzyme Q10 for Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2015;21(8):911–6.
Johansson P, Dahlstrom O, Dahlstrom U, Alehagen U. Improved health-related quality of life, and more days out of hospital with supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 combined. results from a double blind, placebo-controlled prospective study. J Nutr Health Aging. 2015;19(9):870–7.
Cicero AF, Morbini M, Rosticci M, D’Addato S, Grandi E, Borghi C. Middle-term dietary supplementation with red yeast rice plus coenzyme Q10 improves lipid pattern, endothelial reactivity and arterial stiffness in moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. Ann Nutr Metab. 2016;68(3):213–9.
Marazzi G, Campolongo G, Pelliccia F, Quattrino S, Vitale C, Cacciotti L, et al. Comparison of low-dose statin versus low-dose statin + Armolipid Plus in high-intensity statin-intolerant patients with a previous coronary event and percutaneous coronary intervention (ADHERENCE Trial). Am J Cardiol. 2017;120(6):893–7.
Raygan F, Rezavandi Z, Dadkhah Tehrani S, Farrokhian A, Asemi Z. The effects of coenzyme Q10 administration on glucose homeostasis parameters, lipid profiles, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndrome. Eur J Nutr. 2016;55(8):2357–64.
Cicero AF, Colletti A, Fogacci F, Bove M, Rosticci M, Borghi C. Effects of a combined nutraceutical on lipid pattern, glucose metabolism and inflammatory parameters in moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects: a double-blind, cross-over, randomized clinical trial. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2017;24(1):13–8.
Rodriguez-Carrizalez AD, Castellanos-Gonzalez JA, Martinez-Romero EC, Miller-Arrevillaga G, Pacheco-Moises FP, Roman-Pintos LM, et al. The effect of ubiquinone and combined antioxidant therapy on oxidative stress markers in non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a phase IIa, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. Redox Rep. 2016;21(4):155–63.
Domanico D, Fragiotta S, Cutini A, Carnevale C, Zompatori L, Vingolo EM. Circulating levels of reactive oxygen species in patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy and the influence of antioxidant supplementation: 6-month follow-up. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2015;63(1):9–14.
Zmitek K, Pogacnik T, Mervic L, Zmitek J, Pravst I. The effect of dietary intake of coenzyme Q10 on skin parameters and condition: results of a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Biofactors. 2017;43(1):132–40.
Di Cerbo A, Laurino C, Palmieri B, Iannitti T. A dietary supplement improves facial photoaging and skin sebum, hydration and tonicity modulating serum fibronectin, neutrophil elastase 2, hyaluronic acid and carbonylated proteins. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2015;144:94–103.
Farsi F, Mohammadshahi M, Alavinejad P, Rezazadeh A, Zarei M, Engali KA. Functions of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on liver enzymes, markers of systemic inflammation, and adipokines in patients affected by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. J Am Coll Nutr. 2016;35(4):346–53.
Fukuda S, Nojima J, Kajimoto O, Yamaguti K, Nakatomi Y, Kuratsune H, et al. Ubiquinol-10 supplementation improves autonomic nervous function and cognitive function in chronic fatigue syndrome. Biofactors. 2016;42(4):431–40.
Castro-Marrero J, Cordero MD, Segundo MJ, Saez-Francas N, Calvo N, Roman-Malo L, et al. Does oral coenzyme Q10 plus NADH supplementation improve fatigue and biochemical parameters in chronic fatigue syndrome? Antioxid Redox Signal. 2015;22(8):679–85.
Iwase S, Kawaguchi T, Yotsumoto D, Doi T, Miyara K, Odagiri H, et al. Efficacy and safety of an amino acid jelly containing coenzyme Q10 and L-carnitine in controlling fatigue in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: a multi-institutional, randomized, exploratory trial (JORTC-CAM01). Support Care Cancer. 2016;24(2):637–46.
Sanoobar M, Dehghan P, Khalili M, Azimi A, Seifar F. Coenzyme Q10 as a treatment for fatigue and depression in multiple sclerosis patients: a double blind randomized clinical trial. Nutr Neurosci. 2016;19(3):138–43.
Yeung CK, Billings FT, Claessens AJ, Roshanravan B, Linke L, Sundell MB, et al. Coenzyme Q10 dose-escalation study in hemodialysis patients: safety, tolerability, and effect on oxidative stress. BMC Nephrol. 2015;16:183.
Gaul C, Diener HC, Danesch U, Migravent Study G. Improvement of migraine symptoms with a proprietary supplement containing riboflavin, magnesium and Q10: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial. J Headache Pain. 2015;16:516.
Engelsen Engelsen reference: Engelsen J, Nielsen JD, Winther K. Effect of coenzyme Q10 and Ginkgo biloba on warfarin dosage in stable, long-term warfarin treated outpatients. A randomised, double blind, placebo-crossover trial. Thromb Haemost. 2002;87(6):1075–6.
Bertinato J, Wang KC, Hayward S. Serum Magnesium Concentrations in the Canadian Population and Associations with Diabetes, Glycemic Regulation, and Insulin Resistance. Nutrients. 2017;9(3). pii: E296
Ross AC. Modern nutrition in health and disease. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014.
Shardha AK, Vaswani AS, Faraz A, Alam MT, Kumar P. Frequency and risk factors associated with hypomagnesaemia in hypokalemic type-2 diabetic patients. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2014;24(11):830–5.
Tin A, Grams ME, Maruthur NM, Astor BC, Couper D, Mosley TH, et al. Results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study suggest that low serum magnesium is associated with incident kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2015;87(4):820–7.
Cheungpasitporn W, Thongprayoon C, Mao MA, Srivali N, Ungprasert P, Varothai N, et al. Hypomagnesaemia linked to depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intern Med J. 2015;45(4):436–40.
Haider DG, Lindner G, Ahmad SS, Sauter T, Wolzt M, Leichtle AB, et al. Hypermagnesemia is a strong independent risk factor for mortality in critically ill patients: results from a cross-sectional study. Eur J Intern Med. 2015;26(7):504–7.
Sharara AI, Chalhoub JM, Hammoud N, Harb AH, Sarkis FS, Hamadeh G. Low prevalence of hypomagnesemia in long-term recipients of proton pump inhibitors in a managed care cohort. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;14(2):317–21.
Luk CP, Parsons R, Lee YP, Hughes JD. Proton pump inhibitor-associated hypomagnesemia: what do FDA data tell us? Ann Pharmacother. 2013;47(6):773–80.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Remde, A., Teets, R. (2020). Dietary Botanicals and Supplements. In: Chun, A. (eds) Geriatric Practice. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19625-7_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19625-7_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-19624-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-19625-7
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)