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Physical Activity, Exercise, and Lipids and Lipoproteins

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Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Cardiometabolic Diseases

Abstract

Dyslipidemia is one of the several modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The American Heart Association and the American College of Sports Medicine recommend lifestyle management as a primary therapy to prevent and control elevated blood lipid and lipoprotein levels. The purposes for this chapter are to (1) present the pathophysiology, metabolic pathways, and prevalence of dyslipidemia; (2) present an overview of the epidemiological evidence for the associations between dyslipidemia, physical activity, exercise, and cardiovascular disease; (3) present evidence for the impact that different forms of physical activity and exercise have on blood lipid and lipoprotein levels; (4) discuss the physical activity and exercise mechanisms responsible for changes in blood lipid and lipoprotein levels; and (5) discuss the public health relevance and application of the evidence regarding physical activity and exercise for health individuals and patients with dyslipidemia.

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Abbreviations

Apo:

Apolipoprotein

BMI:

Body mass index

CAD:

Coronary artery disease

CETP:

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

HDL:

High-density lipoprotein

HDL-C :

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol

HDL-P:

Total HDL particles

HL :

Hepatic lipase

HLP :

Large HDL-P

HMP :

Medium HDL-P

HSP:

Small HDL-P

HZ:

HDL particle size

IDL:

Intermediate-density lipoprotein

IDL-P:

Intermediate-density lipoprotein particles

Kcal:

Kilocalories

LCAT:

Lecithin/cholesterol acyltransferase

LDL:

Low-density lipoprotein

LDL-C:

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

LDL-P:

Total LDL particles

LLP:

Large LDL-P

LPL:

Lipoprotein lipase

LSP :

Small LDL-P

LZ :

LDL particle size

NMR :

Nuclear magnetic resonance

PA:

Physical activity

TG:

Triglyceride

VLCP:

Large VLDL-P plus chylomicron particles

VLDL:

Very low-density lipoprotein

VLDLCP:

VLDL-P plus chylomicron particles

VLDL-P:

VLDL particles

VLZ :

VLDL particle size

VMP:

Medium VLDL-P

VSP :

Small VLDL-P

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  1. Department of Exercise Science, Norman J. Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA

    J. Larry Durstine, Elizabeth Anderson, Ryan R. Porter & Xuewen Wang

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    Peter Kokkinos

  2. Clinical Research Institute of Northern Virginia, Burke, VA, USA

    Puneet Narayan

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Durstine, J.L., Anderson, E., Porter, R.R., Wang, X. (2019). Physical Activity, Exercise, and Lipids and Lipoproteins. In: Kokkinos, P., Narayan, P. (eds) Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04816-7_16

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