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Sequelae of Hypertension in Children and Adolescents

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Pediatric Hypertension

Part of the book series: Clinical Hypertension and Vascular Diseases ((CHVD))

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Abstract

Hypertension is a well-characterized risk factor for the development of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and renal disease in adults. More recently, data obtained from autopsy studies as well as noninvasive imaging techniques have demonstrated that similar end-organ changes occur in children and adolescents with mild to moderate elevations in blood pressure. Specifically, chronic elevations in blood pressure in pediatric patients lead to changes in left atrial as well as left ventricular structure. These cardiac changes occur in parallel with alterations in the vascular system and subsequent development of atherosclerosis. Subclinical changes in renal function and microalbumin excretion are also noted in these patients. Recent studies have highlighted the impact of mild to moderate elevations in blood pressure on cognitive functioning in children. The adverse effects of severe hypertension in children and adolescents on these organ systems are also well known. Although additional longitudinal studies are required to elucidate the significance of these alterations, children with elevated blood pressures must be identified and treated appropriately in order to improve their long-term outcomes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Levine Children’s Hospital at Carolinas Medical Center, 28232, Charlotte, NC, USA

    Donald J. Weaver Jr. M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 45229, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Mark M. Mitsnefes M.D., MS

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  1. Donald J. Weaver Jr. M.D., Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Donald J. Weaver Jr. M.D., Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Washington, Division of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Sand Point Way NE. 4800, Seattle, 98105, Washington, USA

    Joseph T. Flynn

  2. Harvard Medical School, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, MassGeneral Hospital for Children at MGH, Fruit St. 55, Boston, 02114, Massachusetts, USA

    Julie R. Ingelfinger

  3. Global Clinical Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Route 206 & Provinceline Road, Princeton, 08543, New Jersey, USA

    Ronald J. Portman

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Weaver, D.J., Mitsnefes, M.M. (2013). Sequelae of Hypertension in Children and Adolescents. In: Flynn, J., Ingelfinger, J., Portman, R. (eds) Pediatric Hypertension. Clinical Hypertension and Vascular Diseases. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-490-6_29

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-490-6_29

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