Skip to main content

Diabetes

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Nutrition and Oral Medicine

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. National diabetes fact sheet: national estimates and general information on diabetes and prediabetes in the United States. http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/factsheet11.htm (2011) Accessed 26 Feb 2013.

  2. Prevalence and Trends Data Oral Health—2010. Visited the dentist or dental clinic within the past year for any reason. http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/index.htm. Accessed 19 March 2013.

  3. Lamster IB, Lalla E, Borgnakke WS, et al. The relationship between oral health and diabetes mellitus. J Am Dent Assoc. 2008; 139(Suppl.):19S–24S.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Preshaw PM, Alba AL, Herrera D, et al. Periodontitis and diabetes: a two-way relationship. Diabetologia. 2012;55(1):21–31.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Lamster IB, Kunzel C, Lalla E. Diabetes mellitus and oral health care: time for the next step. J Am Dent Assoc. 2012;143(3):208–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Lalla E, Papapanou PN. Diabetes mellitus and periodontitis: a tale of two common interrelated diseases. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011;7(12):738–48.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Harris MI. Definition and classification of diabetes mellitus and the criteria for diagnosis. In: LeRoith D, Olefsky JM, Taylor SI, editors. Diabetes mellitus: a clinical and fundamental text. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2003. P. 457–468.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Morahan G. Insights into type 1 diabetes provided by genetic analysis. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2012;19(4):263–70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Sherwin R, Jastreboff AM. Year in diabetes 2012: the diabetes tsunami. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(12):4293–301.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Poulsen P, Grunnet LG, Pilgaard K, et al. Increased risk of type 2 diabetes in elderly twins. Diabetes. 2009;58(6):1350–5.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Veeraswamy S, Vijayam B, Gupta VK, Kapur A. Gestational diabetes: the public health relevance and approach. Diab Res Clin Pract. 2012;97:350–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Lee-Parritz A. Contemporary management of gestational diabetes. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2011;18:395–400.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Xiong X, Elkind-Hirsch KE, Vastardis S, et al. Periodontal disease is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus: a case-control study. J Periodontol. 2009;80(11):1742–9.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Chokwiriyachit A, Dasanayake AP, Suwannarong W, et al. Periodontitis and gestational diabetes mellitus in non-smoking women. J Periodontol. 2012; (Epub ahead of print).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Campos C. Chronic hyperglycemic and glucose toxicity: pathology and clinical sequelae. Postgrad Med. 2012;124(6):90–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Chávarry NG, Vettore MV, Sansone C, et al. The relationship between diabetes mellitus and destructive periodontal disease: a meta-analysis. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2009;7(2):107–27.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Khader YS, Dauod AS, El-Qaderi SS, et al. Periodontal status of diabetics compared with nondiabetics: a meta-analysis. J Diabetes Comps. 2006;20(1):59–68.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Mealey BL, Ocampo GL. Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. Periodontol. 2000;2007(44):127–53.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Al-Shammari KF, Al-Ansari JM, Moussa NM, et al. Association of periodontal disease severity with diabetes duration and diabetic complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Int Acad Periodontol. 2006;8(4):109–14.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Cianciola LJ, Park BH, Bruck E, et al. Prevalence of periodontal disease in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (juvenile diabetes). J Am Dent Assoc. 1982;104(5):653–60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Lalla E, Cheng B, Lal S, et al. Periodontal changes in children and adolescents with diabetes: a case-control study. Diabetes Care. 2006;29(2):295–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Löe H. Periodontal disease. The sixth complication of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 1993;16(1):329–34.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Lalla E, Lamster IB, Stern DM, et al. Receptor for advanced glycation end products, inflammation, and accelerated periodontal disease in diabetes: mechanisms and insights into therapeutic modalities. Ann Periodontol. 2001;6(1):113–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Manouchehr-Pour M, Spagnuolo PJ, Rodman HM, et al. Comparison of neutrophil chemotactic response in diabetic patients with mild and severe periodontal disease. J Periodontol. 1981;52(8):410–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Hand WL, Hand DL, Vasquez Y. Increased polymorphonuclear leukocyte respiratory burst function in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2007;76(1):44–50.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Graves DT, Liu R, Alikhani H, et al. Diabetes-enhanced inflammation and apoptosis–impact on periodontal pathology. J Dent Res. 2006;85(1):15–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Sbordone L, Ramaglia L, Barone A, et al. Periodontal status and selected cultivable anaerobic microflora of insulin-dependent juvenile diabetics. J Periodontol. 1995;66(6):452–61.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Gupta S, Koirala J, Khardori R, et al. Infections in diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2007;21(3):617–38.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Simpson TC, Needleman I, Wild SH, et al. Treatment of periodontal disease for glycemic control in people with diabetes. Cochran Database Syst Rev. 2010;12(5):CD004714.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Teeuw WJ, Gerdes VE, Loos BG. Effect of periodontal treatment on glycemic control of diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(2):421–7.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Shultis WA, Weil EJ, Looker HC, et al. Effect of periodontitis on overt nephropathy and end-stage renal disease in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(2):306–11.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Saremi A, Nelson RG, Tulloch-Reid M, et al. Periodontal disease and mortality in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(1):27–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Demmer RT, Jacob DR Jr, Desvarieux M. Periodontal disease and incident type 2 diabetes: results from the first national health and nutrition examination survey and its epidemiologic follow-up study. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(7):1373–9.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Demmer RT, Desvarieux M, Holtfreter B, et al. Periodontal status and A1c change: longitudinal results from the study of health in Pomerania (SHIP). Diabetes Care. 2010;33(5):1037–43.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Ship JA. Diabetes and oral health: an overview. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003;134(Suppl.):4S–10S.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Taylor GW, Manz MC, Borgnakke WS. Diabetes, periodontal disease, dental caries and tooth loss: a review of the literature. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2004;25:179–92.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Hintao T, Teanpaisan R, Chongsuvivatwong V, et al. Root surface and coronal caries in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2007;35:302–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Garton BJ, Ford PJ. Root caries and diabetes: risk assessing to improve oral and systemic health outcomes. Aust Dent J. 2012;57(2):114–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Busato IM, Ignácio SA, Brancher JA, et al. Impact of clinical status and salivary conditions on xerostomia and oral health-related quality of life of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2012;40(1):62–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Moore PA, Guggenheimer J, Etzel KR, et al. Type 1 diabetes mellitus, xerostomia, and salivary flow rates. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2001;92(3):281–91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Borges BC, Fulco GM, Souza AJ, et al. Xerostomia and hyposalivation: preliminary report of their prevalence and associated factors in Brazilian elderly diabetic patients. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2010;8(2):153–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Kumar J, Ram S, Navazesh M. Salivary gland and associated complications in head and neck cancer therapy. J Calif Dent Assoc. 2011;39(9):639–47.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Guggenheimer J, Moore PA, Rossie K, et al. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and oral soft tissue pathologies: II. Prevalence and characteristics of Candida and candidal lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;89(5):570–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Sashikumar R, Kannan R. Salivary glucose levels and oral candidal carriage in type II diabetes. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010;109(5):706–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Ueta E, Osaki T, Yoneda K, et al. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in odontogenic infection and oral candidiasis: an analysis of neutrophil suppression. J Oral Pathol Med. 1993;22(4):168–74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Dorocka-Bobkowska B, Budtz-Jörgensen E, Wloch S. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for denture stomatitis. J Oral Pathol Med. 1996;25(8):411–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Minor JS, Epstein JB. Burning mouth syndrome and secondary oral burning. Otolaryngol Clin N Am. 2011;44(1):205–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Carrington J, Getter L, Brown RS. Diabetic neuropathy masquerading as glossodynia. J Am Dent Assoc. 2001;132(11):1549–51.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Moore PA, Guggenheimer J, Orchard T. Burning mouth syndrome and peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications. 2007;21(6):397–402.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Callaghan BC, Cheng HT, Stables CL, et al. Diabetic neuropathy: clinical manifestations and current treatments. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11(6):521–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Lorini R, Scaramuzza A, Vitali L, et al. Clinical aspects of coeliac disease in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 1996;by (suppl):495–535.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Romero MA, Seoane J, Varela-Centelles P, et al. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus amongst oral lichen planus patients. Clinical and pathological characteristics. Med Oral. 2002;7(2):121–129.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Russotto SB. Asymptomatic parotid enlargement in diabetes mellitus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1981;52(6):594–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Li S, Williams PL, Douglass CW. Development of a clinical guideline to predict undiagnosed diabetes in dental patients. J Am Dent Assoc. 2011;142(1):28–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Strauss SM, Russell S, Wheeler A, et al. The dental office visit as a potential opportunity for diabetes screening: an analysis using NHANES 2003-2004 data. J Public Health Dent. 2010;70(2):156–162.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Lalla E, Kunzel C, Burkett S, et al. Identification of unrecognized diabetes and pre-diabetes in a dental setting. J Dent Res. 2011;90(7):855–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. American Diabetes Association. Nutrition recommendations and interventions for diabetes. Diabetes Care 2008;31(Suppl 1):S61–S78.

    Google Scholar 

  58. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2013. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(suppl 1):S11–66.

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  59. Rigassio Radler D, Touger-Decker R. Nutrition screening in oral health. Top Clin Nutr. 2005;20(3):181–188.

    Google Scholar 

  60. American Dietetic Association. Revised 2008 Standards of practice for registered dietitians in nutrition care; standards of professional performance for registered dietitians; standards of practice for dietetic technicians registered, in nutrition care; and, standards of professional performance for dietetic technicians, registered. J Am Diet Assoc. 2008(9);108:1538–1542.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Position of the academy of nutrition and dietetics: oral health and nutrition. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013;113(5):693–701.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Touger-Decker R. Physical assessment skills for dietetics practice—The past, the present, and recommendations for the future. Top Clin Nutr. 2006;21(3):190–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Evidence Analysis Library. Diabetes 1 and 2 evidence-based nutrition practice guideline for adults. https//:www.adaevidencelibrary.com/topic.cfm?format_tables=0&cat=3252&auth=1 Accessed 18 Jan 2013.

  64. Klein S, Sheard NF, Pi-Suner X, et al. North American association for the study of obesity; American society for clinical nutrition. Weight management through lifestyle modification for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes; rationale and strategies-a statement of the American diabetes association, the North American association for the study of obesity, and the American society for clinical nutrition. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(8):2067–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, et al. Diabetes prevention program research group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(6):393–403.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Davis N, Forbes B, Wylie-Rosett J. Nutritional strategies in type 2 diabetes. Mt Sinai J Med. 2009;76(3):257–68.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. United States Department of Health and Human Services; National Institutes of Health; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institutes in cooperation with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. The clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: the evidence report. Bethesda, Md.: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; 1998. NIH publication 98–4083.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure; National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA. 2003;289:2560–72.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Lloyd-Jones D, Hong Y, Labarthe D, Mozaffarian D, Appel L, et al. On behalf of the American Heart Association Strategic Planning Task Force and Statistics Committee. Defining and setting national goals for cardiovascular health promotion and disease reduction: the American Heart Association’s Strategic Impact Goal through 2020 and beyond. Circulation 2010;121:586–613.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Harris W, Mozaffarian D, Rimm E, Kris-Etherton P, Rudel L, Appel L, Engler M, Engler M, Sacks F. Omega-6 Fatty Acids and risk for cardiovascular disease: a scientific advisory from the American Heart Association Nutrition Subcommittee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism; council on cardiovascular nursing and council on epidemiology and prevention. Circulation. 2009;119:902–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Blumenthal JA, Babyak MA, Hinderliter A, Watkins LL, et al. Effects of DASH diet alone and in combination with weight loss on blood pressure and cardiovascular disease markers in men and women with hypertension; The ENCORE study. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170(2):126–35.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Ard JD, Coffman CJ, Pao-Hwa L, Svetkey LP. One year follow-up study of blood pressure and dietary patterns in dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH)-Sodium participants. Am J Hypertension. 2004;17:1156–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Moore TJ, Conlin PR, Ard J, Svetkey LP. DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet is effective for stage I isolated systolic hypertension. Hypertension. 2011;38:155–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Bray GA, Vollmer WM, Sacks FM, Obarzenek E, et al. A further subgroup analysis of the effect of the DASH diet and three dietary sodium levels on blood pressure: Results of the DASH sodium trial. Am J Cardiology. 2004;94:222–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Pearson TA, Palaniappan LP, Artinian NT. American Heart Association guide for improving cardiovascular health at the community level, 2013 update: a scientific statement for public health practitioners, healthcare providers, and health policy makers. Circulation. 2013;127:1730–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Buse JB, Ginsberg HN, Bakris GL, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in people with diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association. Circulation. 2007;115:114–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. Epidemiology of severe hyperglycemia in the diabetes control and complications trial. Am J Med. 1991;90:450–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Ceriello A. The emerging role of postprandial hyperglycemic spikes in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Diabet Med. 1998;15(3):188–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American. College of Endocrinology. Medical guidelines for clinical practice for developing a diabetes mellitus comprehensive care plan. Endocr Pract. 2011;17(Suppl. 2):1–53.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent dependent mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:977–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Ohkubo Y, Kishikawa H, Araki E, et al. Intensive insulin therapy prevents the progression of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients with noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus: a randomized prospective 6-year study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1995;28:103–17.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Shichiri M, Kishikawa H, Ohkubo Y, et al. Long-term results of the Kumamoto study on optimal diabetes control in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(Suppl. 2):B21–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. UKPDS. Lancet. 1998;352:837–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. Effect of intensive diabetes management on macrovascular and microvascular events and risk factors in the diabetes control and complications trial. Diabetes. 1995;44:968–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Hanefeld M, Temelkova-Kurktschiew T. The postprandial state and the risk of atherosclerosis. Diabet Med. 1997;14:S6–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Polonsky WH, Fisher L, Schikman CH, et al. Structured self-monitoring of blood glucose significantly reduces A1C levels in poorly controlled, noninsulin-treated type 2 diabetes: results from the Structured Testing Program study. Diabetes Care. 2011;34:262–7.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Diabetes Health. 2011. http//:www.DiabetesHealth.com/ Accessed 7 March 2013.

  88. Diabetes Health. December 2011–January 2012. http//:www.DiabetesHealth.com/ Accessed 7 March 2013.

  89. Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, and fatty acids, cholesterol, protein and amino acids (2002/2005). http//:www.nap.edu Accessed 12 March 2013.

  90. USDA ChooseMyPlate.gov http://choosemyplate.gov/ Accessed 12 March 2013.

  91. American Diabetes Association and American Dietetic Association. Choose your foods: exchange lists for diabetes. 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Diabetes Care and Education Dietetic Practice Group. Ready, set, start counting! 2011. http://www.dce.org/ Accessed 12 March 2013.

  93. Ludwig DS. The glycemic index; physiological mechanisms relating to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. JAMA. 2002;287(18):2414–23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ira B. Lamster .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lamster, I.B., Bruno, M., Touger-Decker, R. (2014). Diabetes. In: Touger-Decker, R., Mobley, C., Epstein, J. (eds) Nutrition and Oral Medicine. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-490-6_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-490-6_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-60761-489-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-60761-490-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics