Abstract
MicroRNAs are tiny molecules that strikingly change their expression patterns and distribution during somatic embryogenesis induction and plant regeneration. It is of great relevance to analyze simultaneously the microRNA and target mRNA fates to understand their role in promoting an adequate embryogenic response to external stimulus in the regenerating tissues. Here we describe a method to evaluate the expression patterns of miRNAs or other sRNAs and their target regulation in distinctive tissues observed during maize plant regeneration. Key features of the method include the classification of regenerating plant material with reproducibly distinctive morphological characteristics and a purification procedure that renders high-quality small and large RNA separation from the same sample for qRT-PCR analysis.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Nodine MD, Bartel DP (2010) MicroRNAs prevent precocious gene expression and enable pattern formation during plant embryogenesis. Genes Dev 24:2678–2692. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.1986710
Chávez-Hernández C, Alejandri-Ramírez NA, Juárez-González VT, Dinkova TD (2015) Maize miRNA and target regulation in response to hormone depletion and light exposure during somatic embryogenesis. Front Plant Sci 6:555. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00555
Szyrajew K, Bielewicz D, Dolata J et al (2017) MicroRNAs are intensively regulated during induction of somatic embryogenesis in Arabidopsis. Front Plant Sci 8:18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00018
Rogers K, Chen X (2013) Biogenesis, turnover, and mode of action of plant MicroRNAs. Plant Cell 25:2383–2399. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.113.113159
Garrocho-Villegas V, de Jesús-Olivera MT, Quintanar ES (2012) Maize somatic embryogenesis: recent features to improve plant regeneration. In: Loyola-Vargas VM, Ochoa-Alejo N (eds) Plant cell culture protocols, methods in molecular biology, vol 877. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 173–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-818-4_14
Hisanaga T, Miyashima S, Nakajim K (2014) Small RNAs as positional signal for pattern formation. Curr Opin Plant Biol 21:37–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2014.06.005
Pyott D, Molnar A (2015) Going mobile: non-cell-autonomous small RNAs shape the genetic landscape of plants. Plant Biotechnol J 13:306–318. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12353
Shen Y, Jiang Z, Lu S, Lin H et al (2013) Combined small RNA and degradome sequencing reveals microRNA regulation during immature maize embryo dedifferentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 441:425–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.113
Chu C-C, Wang C-C, Sun C-S, Hsu C, Yin K-C, Chu C-Y, Bi F-Y (1975) Establishment of an efficient medium for anther culture of rice through comparative experiments on the nitrogen sources. J Sci China Math 18:659–668
Loza-Rubio E, Rojas E, Gómez L et al (2008) Development of an edible rabies vaccine in maize using Vnukovo strain. In: Dodet B, Fooks AR, Müller T, Tordo N, Scientific and Technical Department of the OIE (eds) Towards the elimination of rabies in Eurasia. Developments in Biologicals, vol 131. Karger, Basel, pp 477–482
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x
INIFAP (2010) Reporte Anual 2009 Ciencia y Tecnología para el Campo Mexicano, 1st edn. México DF
Chen C, Ridzon DA, Broomer AJ et al (2005) Real-time quantification of microRNAs by stem-loop RT-PCR. Nucleic Acids Res 33:e179. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gni178
Varkonyi-Gasic E, Wu R, Wood M et al (2007) Protocol: a highly sensitive RT-PCR method for detection and quantification of microRNAs. Plant Meth 3:12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4811-3-12
Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods 25:402–408. https://doi.org/10.1006/meth.2001.1262
Untergasser A, Nijveen H, Rao X, Bisseling T, Geurts R, Leunissen JAM (2007) Primer3Plus, an enhanced web interface to Primer3. Nucleic Acids Res 35:W71–W74. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkm306
Turner T, Adhikari S, Subramanian S (2013) Optimizing stem-loop qPCR assays through multiplexed cDNA synthesis of U6 and miRNAs. Plant Signal Behav 8(8):e24918. https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.24918
Romero-Pérez PS (2015) Análisis de microRNAs específicos de leguminosas de respuesta a déficit hídrico en Medicago truncatula. Master Thesis Dissertation, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Acknowledgment
Research performed in Dr. Dinkova’s lab is supported by grants from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, 238439, Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, IN211215, IN214118, and PAIP 5000-9118. The authors appreciate the technical assistance provided by Maria Teresa de Jesús Olivera Flores during in vitro plant tissue culture.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
López-Ruiz, B.A., Juárez-González, V.T., Chávez-Hernández, E.C., Dinkova, T.D. (2018). MicroRNA Expression and Regulation During Maize Somatic Embryogenesis. In: Loyola-Vargas, V., Ochoa-Alejo, N. (eds) Plant Cell Culture Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1815. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8594-4_28
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8594-4_28
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-8593-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-8594-4
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols