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The MicroRNA

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MicroRNA Protocols

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1733))

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), widely distributed, small regulatory RNA genes, target both messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation and suppression of protein translation based on sequence complementarity between the miRNA and its targeted mRNA. Different names have been used to describe various types of miRNA. During evolution, RNA retroviruses or transgenes invaded the eukaryotic genome and were inserted itself in the noncoding regions of DNA, conceivably acting as transposon-like jumping genes, providing defense from viral invasion and fine-tuning of gene expression as a secondary level of gene modulation in eukaryotes. When a transposon is inserted in the intron, it becomes an intronic miRNA, taking advantage of the protein synthesis machinery, i.e., mRNA transcription and splicing, as a means for processing and maturation. MiRNAs have been found to play an important, but not life-threatening, role in embryonic development. They might play a pivotal role in diverse biological systems in various organisms, facilitating a quick response and accurate plotting of body physiology and structures. Based on these unique properties, manufactured intronic miRNAs have been developed for in vitro evaluation of gene function, in vivo gene therapy, and generation of transgenic animal models. The biogenesis of miRNAs, circulating miRNAs, miRNAs and cancer, iPSCs, and heart disease are presented in this chapter, highlighting some recent studies on these topics.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Shao-Yao Ying

  2. WJWU & LYNN Institute for Stem Cell Research, Santa Fe Springs, CA, USA

    Donald C. Chang

  3. Division of Regenerative Medicine, WJWU & LYNN Institute for Stem Cell Research, Santa Fe Springs, CA, USA

    Shi-Lung Lin

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  1. Shao-Yao Ying
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  2. Donald C. Chang
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  3. Shi-Lung Lin
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Correspondence to Shao-Yao Ying .

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  1. Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, USC, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Shao-Yao Ying

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Ying, SY., Chang, D.C., Lin, SL. (2018). The MicroRNA. In: Ying, SY. (eds) MicroRNA Protocols . Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1733. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7601-0_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7601-0_1

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