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Exosomal MicroRNA Discovery in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

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MicroRNA Profiling

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1509))

Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common condition causing progressive visual impairment, leading to irreversible blindness. Existing diagnostic tools for AMD are limited to clinical signs in the macula and the visual assessment of the patient. The presence of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in the peripheral circulatory system with potential as diagnostic, prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers has been reported in a number of conditions/diseases. miRNAs are key regulators of several biological processes, and miRNA dysregulation has been linked with numerous diseases, most remarkably cancer. miRNAs have been shown to be involved in AMD pathology and several miRNAs target genes and signaling pathways were identified in relation to AMD pathogenesis. Exosomes are 50–90 nm membrane micro-vesicles (MVs), released by several cell types. Although exosomal functions are not completely understood, there is much evidence to suggest that exosomes play an essential role in cell–cell communication. They may stimulate target cells by transferring different bioactive molecules such as miRNA. Here we discuss methods to isolate exosome using serum specimens from AMD patients and miRNA profiling for the better understanding of the disease.

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Acknowledgement

This work was supported by Irish Research Council (for Science, Engineering & Technology/EMBARK Initiative), Trinity College Foundation, the Mater Vision Institute, and the Libyan Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Zoology Department, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland

    Hanan Elshelmani

  2. Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Main Campus Cork Road, Waterford, Ireland

    Sweta Rani

Authors
  1. Hanan Elshelmani
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  2. Sweta Rani
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sweta Rani .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland

    Sweta Rani

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Elshelmani, H., Rani, S. (2017). Exosomal MicroRNA Discovery in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. In: Rani, S. (eds) MicroRNA Profiling. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1509. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6524-3_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6524-3_10

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-6522-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-6524-3

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