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The Primary Cilium as a Strain Amplifying Microdomain for Mechanotransduction at the Cell Membrane

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Molecular and Cellular Mechanobiology

Part of the book series: Physiology in Health and Disease ((PIHD))

Abstract

The primary cilium is an extracellular organelle that transduces mechanical signals into intracellular signaling cascades. The cilium is accompanied by a dense collection of stretch-activated channels and proteins involved in mechanotransduction, which form a highly sensitive microdomain at the cell surface that serves to amplify detected stimuli. The putative stress buildup at the base of the cilium activates components in this microdomain to trigger signaling via second messengers such as calcium and cyclic AMP. Defects in the structure of the cilium and mutations in ciliary proteins disrupt the cilium’s ability to detect and transduce mechanical stimuli. This dysfunction at the cellular and molecular level translates to the organ and tissue level, resulting in disastrous diseases and syndromes spanning multiple organs. This chapter discusses the mechanisms for primary cilium-mediated mechanotransduction, the use of computational models to characterize cilium mechanics, modifications in cilium structure and composition to tune mechanosensitivity, and animal models created to explore cilium-based health complications.

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  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    Emily R. Moore & Christopher R. Jacobs

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  1. Emily R. Moore
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Correspondence to Christopher R. Jacobs .

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  1. Professor of Bioengineering and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

    Shu Chien

  2. Associate Professor of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

    Adam J. Engler

  3. Associate Professor of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA

    Peter Yingxiao Wang

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Moore, E.R., Jacobs, C.R. (2016). The Primary Cilium as a Strain Amplifying Microdomain for Mechanotransduction at the Cell Membrane. In: Chien, S., Engler, A., Wang, P. (eds) Molecular and Cellular Mechanobiology. Physiology in Health and Disease. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-5617-3_1

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