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Pharmaceutical Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging

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Analytical Techniques in the Pharmaceutical Sciences

Part of the book series: Advances in Delivery Science and Technology ((ADST))

Abstract

Terahertz spectroscopy and imaging have developed rapidly over the past decade as versatile analytical tools for the characterisation of drug delivery systems. In this chapter the technology that has enabled the recent surge of interest in using terahertz techniques is explained in terms of its basic principles and the specific implementations of pharmaceutical relevance. Using a number of examples and case studies an overview of the current state-of-the-art applications of terahertz radiation in pharmaceutics is presented. In the field of spectroscopy this ranges from polymorph detection and quantification, detailed analysis of phase transitions to amorphous stability. Important imaging applications include non-destructive coating thickness measurements, characterisation of the microstructure of tablet matrices as well as liquid transport into tablets during disintegration.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    There is a growing number of other technologies available, such as photo mixing, that allows the generation of cw terahertz radiation by exploiting similar physical effects to those needed for the pulsed generation but the majority of applications reported in the pharmaceutical sciences thus far uses pulsed terahertz radiation and hence the description in this chapter is restricted to this technology.

  2. 2.

    Any excess density of states beyond the Debye level is generally referred to as the ‘Boson peak’. Some authors refer to the whole VDOS peak as the ‘Boson peak’, which is technically not correct and further confusion can arise from the discussion of Raman and neutron scattering experiments where this peak is typically much stronger than in dielectric/THz spectra.

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3RA, UK

    J. Axel Zeitler

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  1. Bioneer: FARMA Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark

    Anette Müllertz

  2. Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow, Seychelles

    Yvonne Perrie

  3. Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark

    Thomas Rades

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Zeitler, J.A. (2016). Pharmaceutical Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging. In: Müllertz, A., Perrie, Y., Rades, T. (eds) Analytical Techniques in the Pharmaceutical Sciences. Advances in Delivery Science and Technology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-4029-5_5

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