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Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Brain

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Neuroendocrine Tumors: Review of Pathology, Molecular and Therapeutic Advances

Abstract

Pituitary adenomas, central neurocytomas, and pineal tumors are the major primary neuroendocrine neoplasms of the central nervous system; they are affecting mainly young adult and adult patient populations. Accumulation of research and clinical data clarify slowly those tumors’ morphology and biological behavior as we understand the molecular alterations of the tumors. This chapter is trying to review the recent development in this field, which may help us to make more accurate diagnoses and direct the clinicians to choose more appropriate treatment options for our patients.

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Abbreviations

ACTH Adrenocorticotropic hormone

CD24 Cluster of differentiation 24 or heat-stable antigen CD24 (HSA)

CGH Comparative genomic hybridization

CN Central neurocytoma

CRB3 Crumbs family member 3

CSF Cerebrospinal fluid

CT Computerized tomography

EVN Extraventricular neurocytoma

FAM129A Family with sequence similarity 129, member A

FISH Florescent in situ hybridization

FSH Follicle-stimulating hormone

GH Growth hormone

HIOMT Hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase

HOXD13 Homeobox D13

IDH Isocitrate dehydrogenase

IGF2 Insulin-like growth factor 2

LH Luteinizing hormone

LOH Loss of heterozygosity

MEN1 Multiple endocrine neoplasm type 1

miRNA microRNA

MRI Magnetic resonance image

NFP Neurofilament protein

NRG Neuregulin

NSE Neuron-specific enolase

OPN4 Melanopsin

PCDHGA3 Protocadherin gamma-A3

PDGF Platelet-derived growth factor

PNET Primitive neuroectodermal tumor

POU4F2 POU class 4 homeobox 2

PPT Pineal parenchymal tumor

PPTID Pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation

PRAME Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma

PTEN Phosphatase and tensin homolog

PTPR Papillary tumor of pineal region

PTTG Pituitary tumor transforming gene

Rb Retinoblastoma susceptibility gene

RGS16 Regulator of G-protein signaling 16

SOX4 SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 4

TEP1 Telomerase protein component 1

TERT Telomerase reverse transcriptase

TPH1 A subtype of tryptophan hydroxylase

TSG Tumor suppressor gene

UBE2C Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 C

WHO World Health Organization

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of South Florida at Tampa General Hospital, 1 Tampa General Circle, Tampa, FL, 33606, USA

    Yuan Frank Shan MD, PhD

  2. Department of Pathology, China General Hospital of PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China

    Fulin Wang MD

  3. Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, HanKou, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China

    Changshu Ke MD, PhD & Meng Yan MD

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  1. Yuan Frank Shan MD, PhD
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  2. Fulin Wang MD
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  3. Changshu Ke MD, PhD
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  4. Meng Yan MD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yuan Frank Shan MD, PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Diagnostic & Experimental Pathology Lilly Res Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

    Aejaz Nasir

  2. H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Ctr & Res, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA

    Domenico Coppola

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Shan, Y.F., Wang, F., Ke, C., Yan, M. (2016). Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Brain. In: Nasir, A., Coppola, D. (eds) Neuroendocrine Tumors: Review of Pathology, Molecular and Therapeutic Advances. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3426-3_6

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