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Single-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Protocols and Outcome Measures

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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Part of the book series: Neuromethods ((NM,volume 89))

Abstract

The integrity of the brain circuitries can be quantified through application of single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the cortex and concurrent recording of the neurophysiological response through electromyography at the periphery, and more recently centrally through electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging. In this chapter, we first introduce the neurophysiological techniques and the corresponding outcome measures that have been employed to capture the neural response to a single TMS pulse. We then describe the physical and physiological factors that can affect the TMS outcome measures and should be carefully controlled for. We then introduce single pulse TMS protocols motor threshold, contralateral silent period, ipsilateral silent period, and the input/output curve. We describe the neurobiological mechanisms and brain circuitries that each protocol examines, and provide a step-by-step guideline for conducting each protocol. Finally, we provide an overview of the application of single pulse TMS protocols in basic and cognitive neuroscience, and clinical investigations.

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  1. Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Unit 4, Room 118A, 1001 Queen St. W., Toronto, ON, Canada, M6J 1H4

    Faranak Farzan

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  1. Neuromodulation Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Alexander Rotenberg

  2. Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Jared Cooney Horvath

  3. Berenson Allen Center for Noninvasive, Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Alvaro Pascual-Leone

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Farzan, F. (2014). Single-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Protocols and Outcome Measures. In: Rotenberg, A., Horvath, J., Pascual-Leone, A. (eds) Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Neuromethods, vol 89. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0879-0_5

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