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Genetics, Genomics and Crop Modelling: Integrative Approaches to the Improvement of Biomass Willows

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Plants and BioEnergy

Part of the book series: Advances in Plant Biology ((AIPB,volume 4))

Abstract

Willows (Salix spp.) grown as short rotation coppice (SRC) are among the leading commercially grown biomass crops in temperate regions, however, compared with major arable crops they are relatively undomesticated. Initial advances in improving the crop were made by selecting stem characteristics (height, diameter, straightness) and coppicing response (shoot number, shoot vigour), as well as resistance to pests, diseases and environmental stress. Selections were achieved purely on the basis of phenotype, with little understanding of the genetics for many of these important traits, or how they interact with each other and the environment. To enhance yields further, and to adapt the crop to future climates and more marginal environments where biomass crops will be encouraged, a more holistic understanding is needed of the key traits to target and expected gene-environment interactions. In this chapter we begin by reviewing what is known about growth in willow in relation to the parameterisation of process-based models and the advances made in willow genetics and genomics. We finish by considering an integrative approach which feeds genotypic information into phenotypic models of source-sink interaction to identify target traits for crop improvement.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the UK Biotechnological and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) and Ceres Inc. for funding support of the “BBSRC Sustainable Bioenergy Centre (BSBEC): Perennial Bioenergy Crops Programme” (BB/G016216/1: BSBEC-BioMASS) and BBSRC for funding the RRes “Cropping Carbon” Institute Strategic Programme Grant. We would also like to thank Jennifer Cunniff, Marianna Cerasuolo, Cristina Gritsch, Tim Barraclough and March Castle (RRes) and Sarah Purdy, Lawrence Jones and Anne Maddison (IBERS) for their dedicated work as part of the BSBEC-BioMASS programme and William Macalpine, Rachel Rossiter and Peter Fruen (RRes) for general scientific support. Rothamsted Research is an Institute supported by the BBSRC.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. AgroEcology Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, Herts, UK

    Angela Karp, Ian F. Shield & Steven J. Hanley

  2. Dept. of Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, Herts, UK

    Goetz M. Richter

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  1. Angela Karp
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  4. Steven J. Hanley
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Correspondence to Angela Karp .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA

    Maureen C. McCann

  2. Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of Campinas, Sao Paolo, Brazil

    Marcos S. Buckeridge

  3. Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA

    Nicholas C. Carpita

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Karp, A., Richter, G.M., Shield, I.F., Hanley, S.J. (2014). Genetics, Genomics and Crop Modelling: Integrative Approaches to the Improvement of Biomass Willows. In: McCann, M., Buckeridge, M., Carpita, N. (eds) Plants and BioEnergy. Advances in Plant Biology, vol 4. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9329-7_7

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