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Adipose Stem Cells

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Angiogenesis in Adipose Tissue

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Abstract

Once considered an inert mass of stored energy, the past 2 decades have seen a surge in interest in the complexity of adipose tissue and its role in disease. In addition to serving as a site for energy storage, adipocytes secrete proteins involved in inflammation, appetite regulation, blood pressure control, and energy balance. Adipocytes are unique in their ability to store large quantities of lipids that can be rapidly released and used for energy by other organs, when necessary; however, excessive adipose tissue, particularly in the visceral adipose tissue depot, is associated with increased risk of insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. As such, adipose tissue is capable of extensive expansion or retraction depending on the energy balance or disease state of the host, a plasticity that is unparalleled in other organs. Expansion of adipose tissue is driven by both hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes, which can renew frequently to compensate for cell death, suggesting the necessity of adipocyte progenitor cells within the adipose tissue depot, that are capable of differentiating into mature and functional adipocytes.

Epidemiological studies estimate that more than one billion people worldwide are overweight and at least 400 million clinically obese. Therefore, in order to combat the global obesity pandemic, the origin and the molecular mechanisms controlling the development and expansion of adipocytes must be fully understood so that novel approaches to prevention and therapy can be developed.

The authors Carolyn Algire and Dasa Medrikova have equally contributed.

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Acknowledgements

We apologize to our colleagues whose contributions could not be cited due to space limitations. We thank members of our lab for critically reading the manuscript and discussions. In particular, we thank Tatiana Golea for administrative and graphical support. Our work is supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, the European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes, the FP7 DIABAT consortium, the German Cancer Aid, and the Network Aging Research.

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    1. Joint Research Division Molecular Metabolic Control, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) University of Heidelberg, Network Aging Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany

      Carolyn Algire, Dasa Medrikova & Stephan Herzig

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      Yihai Cao

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    Algire, C., Medrikova, D., Herzig, S. (2013). Adipose Stem Cells. In: Cao, Y. (eds) Angiogenesis in Adipose Tissue. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8069-3_2

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