Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. There is no effective treatment for stroke despite extensive research. Taurine is a free amino acid which is present at high concentrations in a range of organs including the brain, heart, and retina in mammalian systems. It had been shown that taurine can significantly increase cell survival under stroke conditions using both in vivo and in vitro models. Recently, we have found that several agents including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), a stem cell enhancer and facilitator;S-methyl-N-diethylthiolcarbamate sulfoxide (DETC-MeSO), an NMDA receptor partial antagonist; sulindac, a potent antioxidant; and taurine, a neuroprotectant and calcium regulator, are effective in protecting against stroke-induced neuronal injury when used alone or in combination in both animal and tissue/cell culture models. In this chapter, we demonstrate that taurine can protect human neuroblastoma cells measured by ATP assay under conditions of hypoxia or oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD). In addition, we found that taurine exerts its protective function by suppressing the OGD-induced upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers and proapoptotic proteins. A model depicting the mode of action of taurine in protecting neuroblastoma cells under OGD conditions is presented.
Po-Chih Chen and Chunliu Pan contributed equally to this work.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Birdsall TC (1998) Therapeutic applications of taurine. Altern Med Rev 3(2):128–136
Bidri M, Choay P (2003) Taurine: a particular aminoacid with multiple functions. Ann Pharm Fr 61(6):385–391
Buddhala C, Prentice H, Jang-Yen W (2012) Modes of action of taurine and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in neuroprotection. J Exp Clin Med 4(1):1–7
Chen K, Zhang Q, Wang J, Liu F, Mi M, Xu H, Chen F, Zeng K (2009) Taurine protects transformed rat retinal ganglion cells from hypoxia-induced apoptosis by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction. Brain Res 1279:131–138
Ghandforoush-Sattari M, Mashayekhi SO, Nemati M, Ayromlou H (2011) Changes in plasma concentration of taurine in stroke. Neurosci Lett 496(3):172–175
Huxtable RJ (1992) Physiological actions of taurine. Physiol Rev 72(1):101–163
Leon R, Wu H, Jin Y, Wei J, Buddhala C, Prentice H, Wu JY (2009) Protective function of taurine in glutamate-induced apoptosis in cultured neurons. J Neurosci Res 87(5):1185–1194
Lindholm D, Wootz H, Korhonen L (2006) ER stress and neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Death Differ 13(3):385–392
Ma Y, Hendershot LM (2003) Delineation of a negative feedback regulatory loop that controls protein translation during endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Biol Chem 278(37):34864–34873
Pan C, Giraldo GS, Prentice H, Wu JY (2010) Taurine protection of PC12 cells against endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by oxidative stress. J Biomed Sci 17(Suppl 1):S17
Pan C, Prentice H, Price AL, Wu JY (2011) Beneficial effect of taurine on hypoxia- and glutamate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways in primary neuronal culture. Amino Acids 43:845–855
Reijonen S, Putkonen N, Nørremølle A, Lindholm D, Korhonen L (2008) Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress counteracts neuronal cell death and protein aggregation caused by N-terminal mutant huntingtin proteins. Exp Cell Res 314(5):950–960
Ricci L, Valoti M, Sgaragli G, Frosini M (2009) Protection by taurine of rat brain cortical slices against oxygen glucose deprivation- and reoxygenation-induced damage. Eur J Pharmacol 621(1–3):26–32
Sun M, Gu Y, Zhao Y, Xu C (2011) Protective functions of taurine against experimental stroke through depressing mitochondria-mediated cell death in rats. Amino Acids 40(5):1419–1429
Takatani T, Takahashi K, Uozumi Y, Shikata E, Yamamoto Y, Ito T, Matsuda T, Schaffer SW, Fujio Y, Azuma J (2004) Taurine inhibits apoptosis by preventing formation of the Apaf-1/caspase-9 apoptosome. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 287(4):C949–C953
Taranukhin AG, Taranukhina EY, Saransaari P, Djatchkova IM, Pelto-Huikko M, Oja SS (2008) Taurine reduces caspase-8 and caspase-9 expression induced by ischemia in the mouse hypothalamic nuclei. Amino Acids 34(1):169–174
Wu H, Jin Y, Wei J, Jin H, Sha D, Wu JY (2005) Mode of action of taurine as a neuroprotector. Brain Res 1038(2):123–131
Wu JY, Prentice H (2010) Role of taurine in the central nervous system. J Biomed Sci 17(Suppl 1):S1
Yang J, Wu G, Feng Y, Lv Q, Lin S, Hu J (2010) Effects of taurine on male reproduction in rats of different ages. J Biomed Sci 17(Suppl 1):S9
Yoshida H, Matsui T, Hosokawa N, Kaufman RJ, Nagata K, Mori K (2003) A time-dependent phase shift in the mammalian unfolded protein response. Dev Cell 4(2):265–271
Yu J, Zhang L, Hwang PM, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B (2001) PUMA induces the rapid apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells. Mol Cell 7(3):673–682
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this paper
Cite this paper
Chen, PC., Pan, C., Gharibani, P.M., Prentice, H., Wu, JY. (2013). Taurine Exerts Robust Protection Against Hypoxia and Oxygen/Glucose Deprivation in Human Neuroblastoma Cell Culture. In: El Idrissi, A., L'Amoreaux, W. (eds) Taurine 8. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 775. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6130-2_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6130-2_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-6129-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-6130-2
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)