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Towards the Systematic Discovery of Immunomodulatory Adjuvants

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Immunomic Discovery of Adjuvants and Candidate Subunit Vaccines

Part of the book series: Immunomics Reviews: ((IMMUN,volume 5))

Abstract

Adjuvants potentiate immune responses, reducing the amount and dosage of antigen needed for protective immunity. Adjuvants are particularly important when considering subunit, epitope-based, or other more exotic vaccine formulations that lack significant inherent immunogenicity. While innumerable adjuvants are known, only a handful are licensed for human use: principally alum, and squalene-based oil-in-water adjuvants. Alum, the most commonly used, is suboptimal. There are many varieties of adjuvant: proteins, oligonucleotides, drug-like small-molecules, and liposome-based delivery systems with adjuvant activity being perhaps the most prominent. Like poisons, adjuvants function via several mechanisms. Many plausible alternatives have been proposed. Focussing in particular on the discovery of small-molecule adjuvants, in the following we give a brief and fairly synoptic overview of adjuvants and their discovery.

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Acknowledgements

I should like to thank all my colleagues who have influenced me positively or negatively through my career, and have thus been instrumental in forming the opinions expressed above. In particular, Dr. David Tough, Dr. Jagedesch Bayry, Professor Peter Beverley, and Dr. Elma Tchillian.

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  1. School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, UK

    Darren R. Flower

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  1. Darren R. Flower
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Correspondence to Darren R. Flower .

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  1. Aston Pharmacy School, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Aston, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom

    Darren R. Flower

  2. Aston Pharmacy School, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom

    Yvonne Perrie

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Flower, D.R. (2013). Towards the Systematic Discovery of Immunomodulatory Adjuvants. In: Flower, D., Perrie, Y. (eds) Immunomic Discovery of Adjuvants and Candidate Subunit Vaccines. Immunomics Reviews:, vol 5. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5070-2_9

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