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Dendritic Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy: Achievements and Novel Concepts

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Cancer Immunotherapy

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Abstract

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells of the immune system. They acquire and process antigen and migrate to the lymphoid organs where they present the antigen and control the activation of B and T cells, the mediators of specific immunity. DC-based immunotherapy is explored worldwide in clinical vaccination trials with cancer patients aiming to induce or augment an antitumor immune response. The majority of clinical trials up to the present have vaccinated patients with ex vivo-generated monocyte-derived DCs, matured using cytokines and loaded with tumor antigen via peptides, protein, or lysates.

Thus far, DC-based immunotherapy has proven to be feasible, safe, and potently able to induce immunological responses, particularly if the DCs have been appropriately matured. Nevertheless, only a limited number of clinical responses have been observed. Although the evidence on clinical responses is still scarce, expectations are high because the clinical responses that are induced are often long lasting. To improve clinical responses of DC vaccination further, a number of variables are already being tested in clinical trials, including DC maturation via toll-like receptors, mRNA transfection to load antigen, and the use of naturally occurring DC subsets instead of monocyte-derived DCs. Future aspects of DC vaccination that are being explored include combination treatment to counteract tumor escape mechanisms and in vivo targeting of DCs. The full potential of DC-based immunotherapy has not yet been fully exploited, which in combination with data to date supports a promising role for DC-based immunotherapy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Tumor Immunology and department of nuclear Medicine, NCMLS, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical centre, NCMLS/187 TIL, 9101, 6500HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    K. F. Bol, G. Schreibelt, E. H. J. G. Aarntzen, I. J. M. de Vries & C. G. Figdor

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  2. G. Schreibelt
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    Tyler J. Curiel

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Bol, K.F., Schreibelt, G., Aarntzen, E.H.J.G., de Vries, I.J.M., Figdor, C.G. (2013). Dendritic Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy: Achievements and Novel Concepts. In: Curiel, T. (eds) Cancer Immunotherapy. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4732-0_4

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