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Escape from immunotherapy: possible mechanisms that influence tumor regression/progression

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Abstract

Tumor escape is one major obstacle that has to be addressed prior to designing and delivering successful immunotherapy. There is compelling evidence to support the notion that immunogenic tumors, in murine models and cancer patients, can be rejected by the immune system under optimum conditions for activating adaptive and nonadaptive antitumor immune responses. Despite this capability, a large number of tumors continue to grow and evade recognition and/or destruction by the immune system. The limited success in current immunotherapeutic strategies may be due to a variety of reasons: failure of effector cells to compete with the growing tumor burden, production of humoral factors by tumors that locally block cytotoxicity, antigen/MHC loss, T-cell dysfunction, production of suppressor T cells—to name but a few causes for therapeutic ineffectiveness for the particular malignancy being treated. To optimize immunotherapy strategies, correction of immune-activating signals, eradication of inhibitory factors, and the evasion from newly developed immunoresistant tumor phenotypes need to be simultaneously considered.

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  1. School of Science, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Clifton, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK

    Murrium Ahmad, Robert C. Rees & Selman A. Ali

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  1. Murrium Ahmad
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  2. Robert C. Rees
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  3. Selman A. Ali
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Correspondence to Selman A. Ali.

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This article forms part of the Symposium in Writing on “Tumor escape from the immune response,” published in vol. 53

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Ahmad, M., Rees, R.C. & Ali, S.A. Escape from immunotherapy: possible mechanisms that influence tumor regression/progression. Cancer Immunol Immunother 53, 844–854 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-004-0540-x

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