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Type 1 Diabetes in the Tropics: A Link with Enterovirus Infections

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Diabetes and Viruses

Abstract

The global distribution of the new cases of type 1 diabetes is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The genetic component is not restricted to HLA, as other loci participate as risk factors. The incidence of type 1 diabetes in tropical/subtropical regions is low, whereas helminth and enterovirus infections are common and widespread. Three Echovirus epidemics have been documented in Cuba over the last two decades. Echovirus infections were associated with seroconversion to diabetes-related autoantibodies. Data from Cuba indicate enteroviruses of the B species as the agents linked most frequently to type 1 diabetes. Further research is necessary to define the enterovirus types linked to type 1 diabetes, which will pave the way for designing novel preventive approaches.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Immunology of Diabetes, National Institute of Endocrinology, Havana, Cuba

    Eduardo Cabrera-Rode Ph.D. & Oscar Díaz-Horta Ph.D.

  2. Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria and Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy

    Oscar Díaz-Horta Ph.D.

  3. Laboratory of Microbiology, University of Insubria and Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy

    Antonio Toniolo M.D.

  4. Department of Virology, “Pedro Kouri” Tropical Medicine Institute, Havana, Cuba

    Luis Sarmiento Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Eduardo Cabrera-Rode Ph.D.
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  2. Oscar Díaz-Horta Ph.D.
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  3. Antonio Toniolo M.D.
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  4. Luis Sarmiento Ph.D.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eduardo Cabrera-Rode Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dent, Centre for Diabetes & Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Cell & Molecular Science, n/a, London, E1 2AT, United Kingdom

    Keith Taylor

  2. Tampere University Hospital, Department of Virology, University of Tampere, n/a, Tampere, 33520, Finland

    Heikki Hyöty

  3. University of Insubria & Ospedale di Cir, Varese, Italy

    Antonio Toniolo

  4. University College London Medical School, n/a, London, NW3 2PF, United Kingdom

    Arie J. Zuckerman

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Cabrera-Rode, E., Díaz-Horta, O., Toniolo, A., Sarmiento, L. (2013). Type 1 Diabetes in the Tropics: A Link with Enterovirus Infections. In: Taylor, K., Hyöty, H., Toniolo, A., Zuckerman, A. (eds) Diabetes and Viruses. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4051-2_20

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