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The “Fifth” RNA Nucleotide: A Role for Ribosomal RNA Pseudouridylation in Control of Gene Expression at the Translational Level

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Biophysical approaches to translational control of gene expression

Part of the book series: Biophysics for the Life Sciences ((BIOPHYS,volume 1))

Abstract

Posttranscriptional ribosomal RNA (rRNA) modifications are present in all organisms and appear to be essential for the control of protein synthesis in the majority of species. The isomerization of uridine to pseudouridine on rRNA has important implications not only for ribosome structure but also for ribosome function. Structural and functional studies of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes have revealed that pseudouridylation may regulate ribosome activity by facilitating extensive rRNA conformational changes. Furthermore, recent findings indicate that pseudouridylation of rRNA has an important regulatory role in modulating gene expression of specific mRNAs at the translational level. In this chapter we will review several biophysical approaches that have been employed to study the role of rRNA pseudouridine modifications in translation control. Additionally, we will provide mechanistic insights into how pseudouridylation of rRNA, when deregulated, may alter the expression of specific mRNAs contributing to certain pathological features of human diseases. Finally, we will discuss our perspectives on several outstanding questions related to the role of rRNA modifications in translational control.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to members of the Ruggero lab for many helpful discussions and to Kimhouy Tong for critically reviewing and editing this manuscript. We apologize to those whose work we were unable to cite. This work is supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01 HL085572 (D.R.) and R01 CA140456 (D.R.). Davide Ruggero is a Leukemia and Lymphoma Society Research Scholar. Cristian Bellodi is a Leukemia and Lymphoma Society (LLS) and Aplastic Anemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) International Foundation (AA&MDS IF) research fellow.

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    Mary McMahon, Cristian Bellodi & Davide Ruggero

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  1. Mary McMahon
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  1. College Park, Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, Rm. 2135 Microbiology Building, College Park, 20742-4451, Maryland, USA

    Jonathan D. Dinman

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McMahon, M., Bellodi, C., Ruggero, D. (2012). The “Fifth” RNA Nucleotide: A Role for Ribosomal RNA Pseudouridylation in Control of Gene Expression at the Translational Level. In: Dinman, J. (eds) Biophysical approaches to translational control of gene expression. Biophysics for the Life Sciences, vol 1. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3991-2_13

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