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Brainstem Control of Deglutition: Swallowing Pattern Generator

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Principles of Deglutition

Abstract

Deglutition, one of the most elaborate motor functions in mammals, depends on a CPG located in the medulla oblongata, which involves several brainstem motor nuclei and two main groups of interneurons. The DSG, located in a primary sensory nucleus, namely the NTS, contains the generator neurons involved in triggering, shaping and timing the sequential or rhythmic swallowing pattern. The VSG, located in the ventrolateral medulla, contains switching neurons that distribute the swallowing drive to the various pools of motoneurons. Both peripheral sensory inputs and supramedullary influences, such as the cortical ones, may shape the CPG activity in order to adapt the output of the network to the motor pattern required. Interestingly, signalling pathways involved in the control of food intake do also exert modulatory influences on the CPG. As regard the mechanisms at work in the CPG, they depend, very probably, on the pattern of intrinsic connections, with a crucial role of the inhibitory ones in shaping the sequential firing, as well as on the intrinsic cellular properties of swallowing neurons. Recent data indicate that the CPG may show some degree of flexibility, with neurons participating to the activity of other brainstem CPGs, providing interesting neuroplasticity capabilities.

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  1. Faculte Des Sciences St. Jerome, Physiologie Neurovegatative (PNV), University Aix-Marseille Paul Cezanne, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, Marseille, France

    André Jean & Michel Dallaporta

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  1. Div. Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, West Wisconsin Avenue 9200, Milwaukee, 53226, Wisconsin, USA

    Reza Shaker

  2. , Dpt Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surg., UC Davis Medical Center, Stockton Blvd. 2521, Sacramento, 95817, California, USA

    Peter C. Belafsky

  3. Ctr for Voice, Airway & Swallowing Disor, Department of Otolaryngology, Georgia Health Sciences University, 15th Street 1120, Augusta, 30912, Georgia, USA

    Gregory N. Postma

  4. , Dpt of Communication Sciences & Disorder, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, East Hartford Ave 2400, Milwaukee, 53201, Wisconsin, USA

    Caryn Easterling

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Jean, A., Dallaporta, M. (2013). Brainstem Control of Deglutition: Swallowing Pattern Generator. In: Shaker, R., Belafsky, P., Postma, G., Easterling, C. (eds) Principles of Deglutition. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3794-9_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3794-9_6

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-3793-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-3794-9

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