Abstract
The implantation of syngeneic or xenogeneic tissue into living models allows cancer researchers to follow primary tumor growth and the development of secondary metastases in an in vivo host microenvironment. Host animals are constantly releasing stimuli (autocrine, endocrine, and paracrine factors), which influences the progression and pathogenesis of the primary tumor and secondary metastatases. Animal models allow researchers to observe the complex interactions of these physiological factors with the metastatic cascade in vivo, a process that is not possible to replicate in vitro. Successful models allow for the observation and elucidation of the pathways implicated in the development of metastatic disease. These models are used to delineate the critical factors influencing the success and failure at each step in metastatic disease progression. Furthermore, these models allow for the opportunity to examine the effects of pharmacological and anti-cancer therapies on both the primary tumor and the secondary metastases in order to develop better therapies for treating human disease.
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Muller, W.J., Swanson, I. (2013). Orthotopic and Ectopic Models of Metastasis. In: Burnier, J., Burnier, Jr., M. (eds) Experimental and Clinical Metastasis. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3685-0_17
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3685-0_17
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