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Functionally Graded Materials in Engineering

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Structural Interfaces and Attachments in Biology

Abstract

Functionally graded materials (FGM) are composite materials formed of two or more constituent phases with a continuously variable distribution. The variations in the phase distribution may be reflected in their volume or weight fraction, orientation, and shape. In the majority of studies of FGM in engineering, the authors aim to achieve their goals with only one of these factors, the volume fraction being a typical variable. The variation of the phase volume fractions may be exclusively through the thickness of the structure and/or in any other direction, such as in-surface coordinates of a plate or shell.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Engineering Education Center, Missouri University of Science and Technology, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Victor Birman

  2. Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    Tyler Keil

  3. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA

    Serhat Hosder

Authors
  1. Victor Birman
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  2. Tyler Keil
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  3. Serhat Hosder
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Correspondence to Victor Birman .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University, South Euclid 660, St. Louis, 63110, Missouri, USA

    Stavros Thomopoulos

  2. , Engineering Education Center, Missouri University of Science and Tech., University Blvd. One, St. Louis, 63121, Missouri, USA

    Victor Birman

  3. , Mechanical Engineering, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, 63130, Missouri, USA

    Guy M. Genin

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Birman, V., Keil, T., Hosder, S. (2013). Functionally Graded Materials in Engineering. In: Thomopoulos, S., Birman, V., Genin, G. (eds) Structural Interfaces and Attachments in Biology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3317-0_2

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