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Osteoarthritis: Molecular Mechanisms and Treatments

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Developing Insights in Cartilage Repair

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Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an aging-associated joint disease with degeneration of articular cartilage. OA is also caused or accelerated by trauma and joint injuries. Pathological features of OA are characterized by articular cartilage breakdown with inflammation in synovium, osteophyte formation and changes in subchondral bone, followed by eventual joint destruction. During development OA, Joint homeostasis, entire environment of joint that is necessary for maintaining the joint in a healthy condition, is altered and such global alterations seem to affect chondrocyte metabolisms and cartilage reparatory capacity. Recent several reports also indicated that osteoarthritic conditions in the joint affect the clinical outcomes of the cartilage repair treatments and treating joints with OA still remains challenging. Therefore to understand the molecular mechanisms of OA is an essential step to treat OA and to obtain better clinical outcomes after cartilage repair procedures. One of the trends in recent research is development or discovery of disease modifying osteoarthritis drugs (DMOADs) which can counteract against causative factors for OA. DMODAs are expected to alleviate patient’s symptoms and slow down the progression of OA or prevent OA. Some pharmacological agents and growth factors are being investigated in clinical trials. In the future, DMOADs can be introduced as a new therapeutic approach for treatment of OA and possibly some of the DMOADs could be combined with cartilage repair techniques.

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  1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan

    Takehiko Matsushita & Ryosuke Kuroda

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  1. Takehiko Matsushita
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Correspondence to Takehiko Matsushita .

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  1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Pieter J. Emans

  2. Department of Orthopedics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

    Lars Peterson

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Matsushita, T., Kuroda, R. (2014). Osteoarthritis: Molecular Mechanisms and Treatments. In: Emans, P., Peterson, L. (eds) Developing Insights in Cartilage Repair. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5385-6_4

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