Abstract
The emerging technology of percutaneous osseointegrated skeletal attachment of artificial limbs, for the amputee population, presents new research and clinical challenges for preventing and treating infections at the implant/skin interface and the deep bone/implant attachment. The goal of this chapter is to review the current literature and to identify the challenges and possible solutions to these challenges that would ultimately allow wider introduction of this technology, particularly for the benefit of patients with multiple short stump amputations not amenable to current socket prosthetic docking systems.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Levy SW. Skin problems in the amputee. In: Smith DG, Michael JW, Bowker JH, editors. Atlas of amputations and limb deficiencies surgical, prosthetic, and rehabilitation principles. 3rd ed. Rosemont: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 2004. p. 701–10.
Frossard L, Hagberg K, Haggstrom E, Gow DL, Branemark R, Pearcy M. Functional outcome of transfemoral amputees fitted with an osseointegrated fixation: temporal gait characteristics. J Prosthet Orthot. 2010;22(1):11–20.
Hagberg K, Haggstrom E, Uden M, Branemark R. Socket versus bone-anchored trans-femoral prostheses: hip range of motion and sitting comfort. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2005;29(2):153–63.
Hagberg K, Haggstrom E, Jonsson S, Rydevik B, Branemark R. Osseoperception and osseointegrated prosthetic limbs. In: Gallagher P, Desmond D, MacLachlan M, editors. Psychoprosthetics. London: Springer; 2008. p. 131–40. doi:10.1007/978-1-84628-980-4_10.
Hagberg K, Branemark R. One hundred patients treated with osseointegrated transfemoral amputation prostheses – rehabilitation perspective. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2009;46(3):331–44.
Brånemark R, Brånemark PI, Rydevik B, Myers RR. Osseointegration in skeletal reconstruction and rehabilitation: a review. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2001;38(2):175–81.
Aschoff HH, Kennon RE, Keggi JM, Rubin LE. Transcutaneous, distal femoral, intramedullary attachment for above-the-knee prostheses: an endo-exo device. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92 Suppl 2:180–6. doi:10.2106/JBJS.J.00806. PII:92/Supplement_2/180.
Tillander J, Hagberg K, Hagberg L, Branemark R. Osseointegrated titanium implants for limb prostheses attachments: infectious complications. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010;468(10):2781–8. doi:10.1007/s11999-010-1370-0.
Arciola CR, An YH, Campoccia D, Donati ME, Montanaro L. Etiology of implant orthopedic infections: a survey on 1027 clinical isolates. Int J Artif Organs. 2005;28(11):1091–100.
Pulido L, Ghanem E, Joshi A, Purtill JJ, Parvizi J. Periprosthetic joint infection: the incidence, timing, and predisposing factors. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008;466(7):1710–5. doi:10.1007/s11999-008-0209-410.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.08.020.
Clausen A, Aschoff H-H. Microbiology of the endo- exo-femur prosthesis (EEFP) experience. In: First International Endo-Exo Meeting, Lubeck. May 2009.
Ellington JK, Harris M, Hudson MC, Vishin S, Webb LX, Sherertz R. Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus and antibiotic resistance: implications for treatment of staphylococcal osteomyelitis. J Orthop Res. 2006;24(1):87–93. doi:10.1002/jor.20003.
Wright JA, Nair SP. Interaction of staphylococci with bone. Int J Med Microbiol. 2010;300(2–3):193–204. doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2009.10.003. PII:S1438-4221(09)00121-0.
Gristina AG, Costerton JW. Bacterial adherence to biomaterials and tissue. The significance of its role in clinical sepsis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1985;67(2):264–73.
Donlan RM, Costerton JW. Biofilms: survival mechanisms of clinically relevant microorganisms. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2002;15(2):167–93.
Costerton JW. Biofilm theory can guide the treatment of device-related orthopaedic infections. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005;437:7–11.
Fitzpatrick F, Humphreys H, O’Gara JP. The genetics of staphylococcal biofilm formation – will a greater understanding of pathogenesis lead to better management of device-related infection? Clin Microbiol Infect. 2005;11(12):967–73. doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01274.x. PII:CLM1274.
Oliver JD. The viable but nonculturable state in bacteria. J Microbiol. 2005;43:93–100. PII:2134.
Lewis K. Persister cells. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2010;64:357–72. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.112408.134306.
Mittal Y, Fehring TK, Hanssen A, Marculescu C, Odum SM, Osmon D. Two-stage reimplantation for periprosthetic knee infection involving resistant organisms. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89(6):1227–31.
Diwanji SR, Kong IK, Park YH, Cho SG, Song EK, Yoon TR. Two-stage reconstruction of infected hip joints. J Arthroplasty. 2008;23(5):656–61. doi:10.1016/j.arth.2007.06.007. PII:S0883-5403(07)00360-9.
Kim HJ, Fernandez JW, Akbarshahi M, Walter JP, Fregly BJ, Pandy MG. Evaluation of predicted knee-joint muscle forces during gait using an instrumented knee implant. J Orthop Res. 2009;27(10):1326–31. doi:10.1002/jor.20876.
Pendegrass CJ, Goodship AE, Price JS, Blunn GW. Nature’s answer to breaching the skin barrier: an innovative development for amputees. J Anat. 2006;209(1):59–67.
Kang NV, Pendegrass C, Marks L, Blunn G. Osseocutaneous integration of an intraosseous transcutaneous amputation prosthesis implant used for reconstruction of a transhumeral amputee: case report. J Hand Surg Am. 2010;35(7):1130–4. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2010.03.037. PII:S0363-5023(10)00384-9.
Beck JP, Bloebaum RD, Jeyapalina S, Bachus KN. A single-stage ovine amputation model for developing a safe osseointegrated implant system. In: Proceedings of the 27th Army Science Conference, Orlando. 30 November 2010. p. KO-03, 01–08.
Bloebaum RD, Mihalopoulus NL, Jensen JW, Dorr LD. Postmortem analysis of bone growth into porous-coated acetabular components. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1997;79-A(7):1013–22.
Bloebaum RD, Bachus KN, Jensen JW, Scott DF, Hofmann AA. Porous-coated metal-backed patellar components in total knee replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1998;80-A(4):518–28.
Bloebaum RD, Beck JP, Olsen R, Norlund L, Bachus KN. Development of a single stage surgical model for percutaneous osseointegrated implants for amputees. In: 55th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society. Trans. Orthopaed. Res. Soc., Las Vegas. 22–25 February 2009. p. 2255.
Shelton TJ, Beck JP, Bloebaum RD, Bachus KN. Percutaneous osseointegrated prostheses for amputees: Limb compensation in a 12-month ovine model. J Biomech. 2011;44(15):2601–6. PII:S0021-9290(11)00580-X.
Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Hamady M, Fraser-Liggett CM, Knight R, Gordon JI. The human microbiome project. Nature. 2007;449(7164):804–10. doi:10.1038/nature06244. PII:nature06244.
Grice EA, Segre JA. The skin microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2011;9(4):244–53. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2537. PII:nrmicro2537.
Gao Z, Tseng CH, Pei Z, Blaser MJ. Molecular analysis of human forearm superficial skin bacterial biota. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007;104(8):2927–32.
Grice EA, Kong HH, Conlan S, Deming CB, Davis J, Young AC, Bouffard GG, Blakesley RW, Murray PR, Green ED, Turner ML, Segre JA. Topographical and temporal diversity of the human skin microbiome. Science. 2009;324(5931):1190–2. doi:10.1126/science.1171700. PII:324/5931/1190.
Cogen AL, Nizet V, Gallo RL. Skin microbiota: a source of disease or defence? Br J Dermatol. 2008;158(3):442–55. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08437.x. PII:BJD8437.
Galanakis N, Giamarellou H, Moussas T, Dounis E. Chronic osteomyelitis caused by multi-resistant gram-negative bacteria: evaluation of treatment with newer quinolones after prolonged follow-up. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1997;39(2):241–6.
Meyers BR, Berson BL, Gilbert M, Hirschman SZ. Clinical patterns of osteomyelitis due to Gram-negative bacteria. Arch Intern Med. 1973;131(2):228–33.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag London
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Loc-Carrillo, C., Runyon, A.C., Beck, J.P. (2012). Periprosthetic Infection Issues with Osseointegrated (OI) Implant Technology in Amputees. In: Trebše, R. (eds) Infected Total Joint Arthroplasty. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2482-5_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2482-5_22
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-2481-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-2482-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)