Abstract
Drug screening is an important diagnostic tool in patient management and is an indispensable part of clinical toxicology laboratory services. While some laboratories employ automated chemistry analyzers for limited screening of drugs of abuse and a few common over-the-counter drugs, more comprehensive and detailed drug screening is needed for better patient care. Comprehensive drug screening generally involves immunoassays, colorimetric tests, and gas or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry is widely regarded as the gold standard for comprehensive drug screening due to its ability to detect hundreds of drugs. In this chapter, we present an efficient and rapid gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for comprehensive drug screening of urine samples. This method involves a liquid-liquid sample extraction, sample concentration, and subsequent analysis using GC-MS.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Garg U, Frazee CC, Scott D, Wasserman G (2004) Comprehensive toxicology drug screening data in a pediatric population. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 42:681–683
Greller HA, Barrueto F Jr (2004) Comprehensive drug screening. Emerg Med J 21:646
Valli A, Polettini A, Papa P, Montagna M (2001) Comprehensive drug screening by integrated use of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and Remedi HS. Ther Drug Monit 23:287–294
Ramoo B, Funke M, Frazee C, Garg U (2016) Comprehensive urine drug screen by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Methods Mol Biol 1383:125–131
Moeller KE, Kissack JC, Atayee RS, Lee KC (2017) Clinical interpretation of urine drug tests: what clinicians need to know about urine drug screens. Mayo Clin Proc 92:774–796
Peters FT (2011) Recent advances of liquid chromatography-(tandem) mass spectrometry in clinical and forensic toxicology. Clin Biochem 44:54–65
Simon RP, Habe TT, Ries R, Winter M, Wang Y, Fernandez-Montalvan A, Bischoff D, Runge F, Reindl W, Luippold AH et al (2021) Acoustic ejection mass spectrometry: a fully automatable Technology for High-Throughput Screening in drug discovery. SLAS Discov 26:961–973
Colby JM, Lynch KL (2019) Drug screening using liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight (LC-QqTOF) mass spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol 1872:181–190
Remane D, Wetzel D, Peters FT (2014) Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) procedure for screening of urine specimens for 100 analytes relevant in drug-facilitated crime (DFC). Anal Bioanal Chem 406:4411–4424
Lee YW (2013) Simultaneous screening of 177 drugs of abuse in urine using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry in drug-intoxicated patients. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 11:158–164
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Ramoo, B., Clinton Frazee, C., Garg, U. (2024). Comprehensive Urine Drug Screen by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). In: Garg, U. (eds) Clinical Applications of Mass Spectrometry in Drug Analysis. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2737. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3541-4_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3541-4_22
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-3540-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-3541-4
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols