Abstract
Chromaffin granules isolated from adrenal glands constitute a powerful experimental tool to the study of secretory vesicle components and their participation in fusion and docking processes, vesicle aggregation, and interactions with cytosolic components. Although it is possible to isolate and purify chromaffin granules from adrenal glands of different species, bovine adrenal glands are the most used tissue source due to its easy handling and the large amount of granules that can be obtained from this tissue. In this chapter, we describe an easy-to-use and short-term protocol for efficiently obtaining highly purified chromaffin granules from bovine adrenal medulla. We additionally include protocols to isolate granules from cultured bovine chromaffin cells and PC12 cells, as well as a section to obtain chromaffin granules from mouse adrenal glands.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Grabner CP, Price SD, Lysakowski A, Fox AP (2005) Mouse chromaffin cells have two populations of dense core vesicles. J Neurophysiol 94:2093–2104
Ardiles AO, Maripillán J, Lagos VL, Toro R, Mora IG, Villarroel L, Alés E, Borges R, Cárdenas AM (2006) A rapid exocytosis mode in chromaffin cells with a neuronal phenotype. J Neurochem 99:29–41
Crivellato E, Nico B, Ribatti D (2008) The chromaffin vesicle: advances in understanding the composition of a versatile, multifunctional secretory organelle. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 291:1587–1602
Borges R, Díaz-Vera J, Domínguez N, Arnau MR, Machado JD (2010) Chromogranins as regulators of exocytosis. J Neurochem 114rie:335–343
Bastiaensen E, De Block J, De Potter WP (1988) Neuropeptide Y is localized together with enkephalins in adrenergic granules of bovine adrenal medulla. Neuroscience 25:679–686
Fried G, Wikström LM, Franck J, Rökaeus A (1991) Galanin and neuropeptide Y in chromaffin granules from the guinea-pig. Acta Physiol Scand 142:487–493
Fulop T, Radabaugh S, Smith C (2005) Activity-dependent differential transmitter release in mouse adrenal chromaffin cells. J Neurosci 25:7324–7332
Perrais D, Kleppe IC, Taraska JW, Almers W (2004) Recapture after exocytosis causes differential retention of protein in granules of bovine chromaffin cells. J Physiol 560:413–428
Wegrzyn JL, Bark SJ, Funkelstein L, Mosier C, Yap A, Kazemi-Esfarjani P, La Spada AR, Sigurdson C, O'Connor DT, Hook V (2010) Proteomics of dense core secretory vesicles reveal distinct protein categories for secretion of neuroeffectors for cell-cell communication. J Proteome Res 9:5002–5024
Wegrzyn J, Lee J, Neveu JM, Lane WS, Hook V (2007) Proteomics of neuroendocrine secretory vesicles reveal distinct functional systems for biosynthesis and exocytosis of peptide hormones and neurotransmitters. J Proteome Res 6:1652–1665
Cárdenas AM, Marengo FD (2016) How the stimulus defines the dynamics of vesicle pool recruitment, fusion mode, and vesicle recycling in neuroendocrine cells. J Neurochem 137:867–879
Marengo FD, Cárdenas AM (2018) How does the stimulus define exocytosis in adrenal chromaffin cells? Pflugers Arch 470:155–167
Álvarez de Toledo G, Montes MÁ, Montenegro P, Borges R (2018) Phases of the exocytotic fusion pore. FEBS Lett 592:3532–3541
González-Jamett AM, Báez-Matus X, Hevia MA, Guerra MJ, Olivares MJ, Martínez AD, Neely A, Cárdenas AM (2010) The association of dynamin with synaptophysin regulates quantal size and duration of exocytotic events in chromaffin cells. J Neurosci 30:10683–10691
Chang CW, Hsiao YT, Jackson MB (2021) Synaptophysin regulates fusion pores and exocytosis mode in chromaffin cells. J Neurosci 41:3563–3578
Weiss AN, Anantharam A, Bittner MA, Axelrod D, Holz RW (2014) Lumenal protein within secretory granules affects fusion pore expansion. Biophys J 107:26–33
Abbineni PS, Bittner MA, Axelrod D, Holz RW (2019) Chromogranin A, the major lumenal protein in chromaffin granules, controls fusion pore expansion. J Gen Physiol 151:118–130
Rosé SD, Lejen T, Casaletti L, Larson RE, Pene TD, Trifaró JM (2003) Myosins II and V in chromaffin cells: myosin V is a chromaffin vesicle molecular motor involved in secretion. J Neurochem 85:287–298
González-Jamett AM, Momboisse F, Guerra MJ, Ory S, Báez-Matus X, Barraza N, Calco V, Houy S, Couve E, Neely A, Martínez AD, Gasman S, Cárdenas AM (2013) Dynamin-2 regulates fusion pore expansion and quantal release through a mechanism that involves actin dynamics in neuroendocrine chromaffin cells. PLoS One 8:e70638
Olivares MJ, González-Jamett AM, Guerra MJ, Baez-Matus X, Haro-Acuña V, Martínez-Quiles N, Cárdenas AM (2014) Src kinases regulate de novo actin polymerization during exocytosis in neuroendocrine chromaffin cells. PLoS One 9:e99001
González-Jamett AM, Guerra MJ, Olivares MJ, Haro-Acuña V, Baéz-Matus X, Vásquez-Navarrete J, Momboisse F, Martinez-Quiles N, Cárdenas AM (2017) The F-actin binding protein cortactin regulates the dynamics of the exocytotic fusion pore through its SH3 domain. Front Cell Neurosci 11:130
Winkler H, Westhead E (1980) The molecular organization of adrenal chromaffin granule. Neuroscience 5:1803–1823
Malosio M, Giordano T, Laslop A, Meldolesi J (2004) Dense-core granules: a specific hallmark of the neuronal/neurosecretory cell phenotype. J Cell Sci 117:743–749
Pollard HB, Zinder O, Hoffman PG, Nikodejevic O (1976) Regulation of the transmembrane potential of isolated chromaffin granules by ATP, ATP analogs, and external pH. J Biol Chem 251:4544–4550
Akeson MA, Deamer DW (1989) Steady-state catecholamine distribution in chromaffin granule preparations: a test of the pump-leak hypothesis of general anesthesia. Biochemistry 28:5120–5127
Ludwig J, Kerscher S, Brandt U, Pfeiffer K, Getlawi F, Apps DK, Schägger H (1998) Identification and characterization of a novel 9.2-kDa membrane sector-associated protein of vacuolar proton-ATPase from chromaffin granules. J Biol Chem 273:10939–10947
Zhou Z, Peng SB, Crider BP, Andersen P, Xie XS, Stone DK (1999) Recombinant SFD isoforms activate vacuolar proton pumps. J Biol Chem 274(22):15913–15919. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.22.15913
Bankston LA, Guidotti G (1996) Characterization of ATP transport into chromaffin granule ghosts. Synergy of ATP and serotonin accumulation in chromaffin granule ghosts. J Biol Chem 271:17132–17138
Sakamoto S, Miyaji T, Hiasa M, Ichikawa R, Uematsu A, Iwatsuki K, Shibata A, Uneyama H, Takayanagi R, Yamamoto A, Omote H, Nomura M, Moriyama Y (2014) Impairment of vesicular ATP release affects glucose metabolism and increases insulin sensitivity. Sci Rep 4:6689
Taugner G (1972) The effects of univalent anions on catecholamine fluxes and adenosine triphosphatase activity in storage vesicles from the adrenal medulla. Biochem J 130:969–973
Ramu A, Pazoles CJ, Creutz CE, Pollard HB (1981) Catecholamine transport by isolated chromaffin granules. Influence of MgATP and a disulfonic stilbene on (R)-norepinephrine/epinephrine exchange and spontaneous epinephrine efflux. J Biol Chem 256:1229–1234
Deupree JD, Weaver JA (1984) Identification and characterization of the catecholamine transporter in bovine chromaffin granules using [3H] reserpine. J Biol Chem 259:10907–10912
Terland O, Grønberg M, Flatmark T (1991) The effect of calcium channel blockers on the H(+)-ATPase and bioenergetics of catecholamine storage vesicles. Eur J Pharmacol 207:37–41
Krieger-Brauer H, Gratzl M (1982) Uptake of Ca2+ by isolated secretory vesicles from adrenal medulla. Biochim Biophys Acta 691(1):61–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-2736(82)90214-0
Bulenda D, Gratzl M (1985) Matrix free Ca2+ in isolated chromaffin vesicles. Biochemistry 24:7760–7765
Creutz CE, Scott JH, Pazoles CJ, Pollard HB (1982) Further characterization of the aggregation and fusion of chromaffin granules by synexin as a model for compound exocytosis. J Cell Biochem 18:87–97
Nir S, Stutzin A, Pollard HB (1987) Effect of synexin on aggregation and fusion of chromaffin granule ghosts at pH 6. Biochim Biophys Acta 903:309–318
Drust DS, Creutz CE (1988) Aggregation of chromaffin granules by calpactin at micromolar levels of calcium. Nature 331:88–91
Wang W, Creutz CE (1992) Regulation of the chromaffin granule aggregating activity of annexin I by phosphorylation. Biochemistry 31:9934–9939
Kreutzberger AJB, Kiessling V, Liang B, Seelheim P, Jakhanwal S, Jahn R, Castle JD, Tamm LK (2017) Reconstitution of calcium-mediated exocytosis of dense-core vesicles. Sci Adv 3:e1603208
Fowler VM, Pollard HB (1982) Chromaffin granule membrane-F-actin interactions are calcium sensitive. Nature 295:336–339
Morita K, Pollard HB (1985) Chromaffin granule-cytoskeleton interaction. Stabilization by F-actin of ATPase in purified chromaffin granule membranes. FEBS Lett 181:195–198
Smith AD, Winkler H (1967) A simple method for the isolation of adrenal chromaffin granules on a large scale. Biochem J 103:480–482
Díaz-Vera J, Morales YG, Hernández-Fernaud JR, Camacho M, Montesinos MS, Calegari F, Huttner WB, Borges R, Machado JD (2010) Chromogranin B gene ablation reduces the catecholamine cargo and decelerates exocytosis in chromaffin secretory vesicles. J Neurosci 30:950–957
García-Campos P, Báez-Matus X, Jara-Gutiérrez C, Paz-Araos M, Astorga C, Cea LA, Rodríguez V, Bevilacqua JA, Caviedes P, Cárdenas AM (2020) N-acetylcysteine reduces skeletal muscles oxidative stress and improves grip strength in dysferlin-deficient Bla/J mice. Int J Mol Sci 21:4293
Pardo MR, Estévez-Herrera J, Castañeyra L, Borges R, Machado JD (2017) Isolation of mouse chromaffin secretory vesicles and their division into 12 fractions. Anal Biochem 536:1–7
Cidon S, Nelson N (1983) A novel ATPase in the chromaffin granule membrane. J Biol Chem 258:2892–2898
Creutz CE (2010) Isolation of chromaffin granules. Curr Protoc Cell Biol Chapter 3:Unit 3.39.1-10
Birinci Y, Preobraschenski J, Ganzella M, Jahn R, Park Y (2020) Isolation of large dense-core vesicles from bovine adrenal medulla for functional studies. Sci Rep 10:7540
Morita K, Tomares SM, Pollard HB (1996) Enhancement by F-actin of MgATP-dependent dopamine uptake into isolated chromaffin granules. Biochem Mol Biol Int 40:61–66
Damer CK, Creutz CE (1996) Calcium-dependent self-association of synaptotagmin I. J Neurochem 67:1661–1668
Brownawell AM, Creutz CE (1997) Calcium-dependent binding of sorcin to the N-terminal domain of synexin (annexin VII). J Biol Chem 272:22182–22190
Shumilina EV, Khaitlina SY, Morachevskaya EA, Negulyaev YA (2003) Non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP induces activity of Na+ channels via disassembly of cortical actin cytoskeleton. FEBS Lett 547:27–31
Acknowledgments
We thank Ms. María José Guerra and Daniela M. Ponce for providing images of adrenal glands. This work was supported by ACE210014 from ICM-ANID and FONDECYT 1220825 (to A.M.C.), Chile.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
González-Jamett, A., Maldifassi, M.C., Cárdenas, A.M. (2023). Isolation and Purification of Chromaffin Granules from Adrenal Glands and Cultured Neuroendocrine Cells. In: Borges, R. (eds) Chromaffin Cells. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2565. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2671-9_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2671-9_19
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-2670-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-2671-9
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols