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How does the stimulus define exocytosis in adrenal chromaffin cells?

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Abstract

The extent and type of hormones and active peptides secreted by the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla have to be adjusted to physiological requirements. The chromaffin cell secretory activity is controlled by the splanchnic nerve firing frequency, which goes from approximately 0.5 Hz in basal conditions to more than 15 Hz in stress. Thus, these neuroendocrine cells maintain a tonic release of catecholamines under resting conditions, massively discharge intravesicular transmitters in response to stress, or adequately respond to moderate stimuli. In order to adjust the secretory response to the stimulus, the adrenal chromaffin cells have an appropriate organization of Ca2+ channels, secretory granules pools, and sets of proteins dedicated to selectively control different steps of the secretion process, such as the traffic, docking, priming and fusion of the chromaffin granules. Among the molecules implicated in such events are the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins, Ca2+ sensors like Munc13 and synaptotagmin-1, chaperon proteins such as Munc18, and the actomyosin complex. In the present review, we discuss how these different actors contribute to the extent and maintenance of the stimulus-dependent exocytosis in the adrenal chromaffin cells.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been supported by the grants FONDECYT 1160495 (Chile), P09-022-F from ICM-ECONOMIA (Chile), PICT 0524-2014 from Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (Argentina), and UBACyT 2014-2017 from Universidad de Buenos Aires (Argentina). The Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV) is a Millennium Institute supported by the Millennium Scientific Initiative of the Ministerio de Economía, Fomento y Turismo.

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  1. Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Fernando D. Marengo

  2. Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile

    Ana M. Cárdenas

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  1. Fernando D. Marengo
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Correspondence to Fernando D. Marengo or Ana M. Cárdenas.

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This article is part of the special issue on Chromaffin Cells in Pflügers Archiv—European Journal of Physiology

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Marengo, F., Cárdenas, A.M. How does the stimulus define exocytosis in adrenal chromaffin cells?. Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol 470, 155–167 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-017-2052-5

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