Abstract
The FastPCR software is an integrated tool environment for PCR primer and probe design and for prediction of oligonucleotide properties. The software provides comprehensive tools for designing primers for most PCR and perspective applications, including standard, multiplex, long-distance, inverse, real-time with TaqMan probe, Xtreme Chain Reaction (XCR), group-specific, overlap extension PCR for multifragment assembling cloning, and isothermal amplification (Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification). A program is available to design specific oligonucleotide sets for long sequence assembly by ligase chain reaction and to design multiplexed of overlapping and nonoverlapping DNA amplicons that tile across a region(s) of interest for targeted next-generation sequencing, competitive allele-specific PCR (KASP)-based genotyping assay for single-nucleotide polymorphisms and insertions and deletions at specific loci, among other features. The in silico PCR primer or probe search includes comprehensive analyses of individual primers and primer pairs. FastPCR includes various bioinformatics tools for analysis and searching of sequences, restriction I–II–III-type enzyme endonuclease analysis, and pattern searching. The program also supports the assembly of a set of contiguous sequences, consensus sequence generation, and sequence similarity and conservancy analysis. FastPCR performs efficient and complete detection of various repeat types with visual display. FastPCR allows for sequence file batch processing that is essential for automation. The software is available for download at https://primerdigital.com/fastpcr.html and online version at https://primerdigital.com/tools/pcr.html.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Yasukawa K, Yanagihara I, Fujiwara S (2020) Alteration of enzymes and their application to nucleic acid amplification (Review). Int J Mol Med 46(5):1633–1643. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2020.4726
Gill P, Ghaemi A (2008) Nucleic acid isothermal amplification technologies: a review. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 27(3):224–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/15257770701845204
Bekaert M, Teeling EC (2008) UniPrime: a workflow-based platform for improved universal primer design. Nucleic Acids Res 36(10):e56. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn191
Ye J, Coulouris G, Zaretskaya I, Cutcutache I, Rozen S, Madden TL (2012) Primer-BLAST: a tool to design target-specific primers for polymerase chain reaction. BMC Bioinformatics 13:134. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-13-134
Guo J, Starr D, Guo H, Wren J (2020) Classification and review of free PCR primer design software. Bioinformatics 36(22-23):5263–5268. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa910
Shirato K (2019) Detecting amplicons of loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Microbiol Immunol 63(10):407–412. https://doi.org/10.1111/1348-0421.12734
Mayboroda O, Katakis I, O’Sullivan CK (2018) Multiplexed isothermal nucleic acid amplification. Anal Biochem 545:20–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2018.01.005
Kim J, Easley CJ (2011) Isothermal DNA amplification in bioanalysis: strategies and applications. Bioanalysis 3(2):227–239. https://doi.org/10.4155/bio.10.172
Tomita N, Mori Y, Kanda H, Notomi T (2008) Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of gene sequences and simple visual detection of products. Nat Protoc 3(5):877–882. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2008.57
James A, Macdonald J (2015) Recombinase polymerase amplification: emergence as a critical molecular technology for rapid, low-resource diagnostics. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 15(11):1475–1489. https://doi.org/10.1586/14737159.2015.1090877
Qian J, Boswell SA, Chidley C, Lu Z-x, Pettit ME, Gaudio BL, Fajnzylber JM, Ingram RT, Ward RH, Li JZ, Springer M (2020) An enhanced isothermal amplification assay for viral detection. Nat Commun 11(1):5920. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19258-y
Qiu J, Tsai Y-L, Wang H-TT, Chang H-FG, Tsai C-F, Lin C-K, Teng P-H, Su C, Jeng C-C, Lee P-Y (2012) Development of TaqMan probe-based insulated isothermal PCR (iiPCR) for sensitive and specific on-site pathogen detection. PLoS One 7(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045278
Kalendar R, Khassenov B, Ramanculov E, Samuilova O, Ivanov KI (2017) FastPCR: an in silico tool for fast primer and probe design and advanced sequence analysis. Genomics 109(3-4):312–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2017.05.005
Kalendar R, Lee D, Schulman AH (2011) Java web tools for PCR, in silico PCR, and oligonucleotide assembly and analysis. Genomics 98(2):137–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2011.04.009
Kalendar R, Muterko A, Shamekova M, Zhambakin K (2017) In silico PCR tools for a fast primer, probe, and advanced searching. Methods Mol Biol 1620:1–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7060-5_1
Kalendar R, Lee D, Schulman AH (2014) FastPCR software for PCR, in silico PCR, and oligonucleotide assembly and analysis. Methods Mol Biol 1116:271–302. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-764-8_18
Madeira F, Park YM, Lee J, Buso N, Gur T, Madhusoodanan N, Basutkar P, Tivey ARN, Potter SC, Finn RD, Lopez R (2019) The EMBL-EBI search and sequence analysis tools APIs in 2019. Nucleic Acids Res 47(W1):W636–W641. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz268
Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamura K (2018) MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol Biol Evol 35(6):1547–1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
Benita Y, Oosting RS, Lok MC, Wise MJ, Humphery-Smith I (2003) Regionalized GC content of template DNA as a predictor of PCR success. Nucleic Acids Res 31(16):e99. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gng101
SantaLucia J (1998) A unified view of polymer, dumbbell, and oligonucleotide DNA nearest-neighbor thermodynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95(4):1460–1465. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.4.1460
Allawi HT, SantaLucia J Jr (1997) Thermodynamics and NMR of internal G.T mismatches in DNA. Biochemistry 36(34):10581–10594. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi962590c
Guedin A, Gros J, Alberti P, Mergny JL (2010) How long is too long? Effects of loop size on G-quadruplex stability. Nucleic Acids Res 38(21):7858–7868. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkq639
Gilson MK, Given JA, Bush BL, McCammon JA (1997) The statistical-thermodynamic basis for computation of binding affinities: a critical review. Biophys J 72(3):1047–1069. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(97)78756-3
Watkins NE Jr, SantaLucia J Jr (2005) Nearest-neighbor thermodynamics of deoxyinosine pairs in DNA duplexes. Nucleic Acids Res 33(19):6258–6267. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gki918
SantaLucia J Jr, Hicks D (2004) The thermodynamics of DNA structural motifs. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct 33:415–440. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biophys.32.110601.141800
Todd AK, Johnston M, Neidle S (2005) Highly prevalent putative quadruplex sequence motifs in human DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 33(9):2901–2907. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gki553
Jurka J (1998) Repeats in genomic DNA: mining and meaning. Curr Opin Struct Biol 8(3):333–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0959-440x(98)80067-5
Kalendar R, Raskina O, Belyayev A, Schulman AH (2020) Long tandem arrays of cassandra retroelements and their role in genome dynamics in plants. Int J Mol Sci 21(8):2931. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082931
Welsh J, McClelland M (1990) Fingerprinting genomes using PCR with arbitrary primers. Nucleic Acids Res 18(24):7213–7218. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.24.7213
Williams JGK, Kubelik AR, Livak KJ, Rafalski JA, Tingey SV (1990) DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers. Nucleic Acids Res 18(22):6531–6535. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.22.6531
Sivolap IM, Kalendar RN, Chebotar SV (1994) The genetic polymorphism of cereals demonstrated by PCR with random primers. Cytol Genet 28(6):54–61. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7701604/
Zietkiewicz E, Rafalski A, Labuda D (1994) Genome fingerprinting by simple sequence repeat (SSR)-anchored polymerase chain reaction amplification. Genomics 20(2):176–183. https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.1994.1151
Kalendar R, Schulman A (2006) IRAP and REMAP for retrotransposon-based genotyping and fingerprinting. Nat Protoc 1(5):2478–2484. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.377
Kalendar R, Grob T, Regina M, Suoniemi A, Schulman AH (1999) IRAP and REMAP: two new retrotransposon-based DNA fingerprinting techniques. Theor Appl Genet 98(5):704–711. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001220051124
Chang RY, O’Donoughue LS, Bureau TE (2001) Inter-MITE polymorphisms (IMP): a high throughput transposon-based genome mapping and fingerprinting approach. Theor Appl Genet 102(5):773–781. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001220051709
Seibt KM, Wenke T, Wollrab C, Junghans H, Muders K, Dehmer KJ, Diekmann K, Schmidt T (2012) Development and application of SINE-based markers for genotyping of potato varieties. Theor Appl Genet 125(1):185–196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-012-1825-7
Kalendar R, Antonius K, Smykal P, Schulman AH (2010) iPBS: a universal method for DNA fingerprinting and retrotransposon isolation. Theor Appl Genet 121(8):1419–1430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-010-1398-2
Kalendar R, Amenov A, Daniyarov A (2019) Use of retrotransposon-derived genetic markers to analyse genomic variability in plants. Funct Plant Biol 46(1):15–29. https://doi.org/10.1071/fp18098
Kalendar R, Muterko A, Boronnikova S (2021) Retrotransposable elements: DNA fingerprinting and the assessment of genetic diversity. Methods Mol Biol 2222:263–286. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0997-2_15
Kalendar R, Schulman AH (2014) Transposon-based tagging: IRAP, REMAP, and iPBS. Methods Mol Biol 1115:233–255. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-767-9_12
Hosid E, Brodsky L, Kalendar R, Raskina O, Belyayev A (2012) Diversity of long terminal repeat retrotransposon genome distribution in natural populations of the wild diploid wheat Aegilops speltoides. Genetics 190(1):263–412. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.111.134643
Kalendar R, Kospanova D, Schulman A (2021) Transposon-based tagging in silico using FastPCR software. Methods Mol Biol 2250:245–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1134-0_23
Kalendar R, Shustov AV, Seppänen MM, Schulman AH, Stoddard FL (2019) Palindromic sequence-targeted (PST) PCR: a rapid and efficient method for high-throughput gene characterization and genome walking. Sci Rep 9(1):17707. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-54168-0
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the company PrimerDigital Ltd. (Helsinki, Finland) and partly by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant No. AP08855353). The authors wish to thank Derek Ho (The University of Helsinki Language Centre) for editing and proofreading of the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Kalendar, R. (2022). A Guide to Using FASTPCR Software for PCR, In Silico PCR, and Oligonucleotide Analysis. In: Basu, C. (eds) PCR Primer Design. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2392. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1799-1_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1799-1_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-1798-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-1799-1
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols