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Group A Streptococcal Vaccine Candidates: Potential for the Development of a Human Vaccine

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Host-Pathogen Interactions in Streptococcal Diseases

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 368))

Abstract

Currently there is no commercial Group A Streptococcus (GAS; S. pyogenes) vaccine available. The development of safe GAS vaccines is challenging, researchers are confronted with obstacles such as the occurrence of many unique serotypes (there are greater than 150 M types), antigenic variation within the same serotype, large variations in the geographical distribution of serotypes, and the production of antibodies cross-reactive with human tissue which can lead to host auto-immune disease. Cell wall anchored, cell membrane associated, secreted and anchorless proteins have all been targeted as GAS vaccine candidates. As GAS is an exclusively human pathogen, the quest for an efficacious vaccine is further complicated by the lack of an animal model which mimics human disease and can be consistently and reproducibly colonized by multiple GAS strains.

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Abbreviations

ADI:

Arginine deiminase

ARF:

Acute rheumatic fever

CFA:

Complete Freund’s adjuvant

CT:

Cholera toxin

CTB:

Cholera toxin B

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

FbaA:

Fibronectin-binding protein A

FBP54:

Fibronectin-binding protein 54

GAS:

Group A Streptococcus

GBS:

Group B Streptococcus

IFA:

Incomplete Freund’s adjuvant

Ig:

Immunoglobulin

KLH:

Keyhole limpet hemocyanin

MS:

Mass spectrometry

SagP:

Streptococcal acid glycoprotein

SfbI:

Streptococcal fibronectin binding protein I

SfbII:

Streptococcal fibronectin binding protein II

Shr:

Streptococcal hemoprotein receptor

Sib35:

Streptococcal immunoglobulin-binding protein 35

SLO:

Streptolysin O

SOF:

Serum opacity factor

Spa:

Streptococcal protective antigen

SpeA:

Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A

SpeB:

Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B

SpyCEP:

Streptococcus pyogenes cell envelope proteinase

Sse:

Streptococcal secreted esterase

TF:

Trigger factor

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the National Health and Medical Research Council for funding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia

    Anna Henningham, Christine M. Gillen & Mark J. Walker

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  1. Anna Henningham
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  2. Christine M. Gillen
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  3. Mark J. Walker
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Correspondence to Mark J. Walker .

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  1. , Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, Braunschweig, 38124, Germany

    G. Singh Chhatwal

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Henningham, A., Gillen, C.M., Walker, M.J. (2012). Group A Streptococcal Vaccine Candidates: Potential for the Development of a Human Vaccine. In: Chhatwal, G. (eds) Host-Pathogen Interactions in Streptococcal Diseases. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 368. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/82_2012_284

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