Abstract
The first isolation of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) reported in the late 90s opened a new window to promising possibilities in the fields of human developmental biology and regenerative medicine. Subsequently, the differentiation of hESC lines into different precursor cells showed their potential in treating different incurable diseases. However, this promising field has consistently had remarkable ethical and experimental limitations. This paper is a review of clinical trial studies dealing with hESC and their advantages, limitations, and other specific concerns. Some of the hESC limitations have been solved, and several clinical trial studies are ongoing so that recent clinical trials have strived to improve the clinical applications of hESC, especially in macular degeneration and neurodegenerative diseases. However, regarding hESC-based therapy, several important issues need more research and discussion. Despite considerable studies to Date, hESC-based therapy is not available for conventional clinical applications, and more studies and data are needed to overcome current clinical and ethical limitations. When all the limitations of Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are wholly resolved, perhaps hESC can become superior to the existing stem cell sources. This overview will be beneficial for understanding the standard and promising applications of cell and tissue-based therapeutic approaches and for developing novel therapeutic applications of hESC.
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Abbreviations
- ALS :
-
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- ART :
-
Assisted reproductive technology
- CRISPR :
-
Clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats
- DA :
-
Dopamine
- EMA :
-
European Medical Administration
- GMP :
-
Good manufacturing practice
- hESC :
-
human Embryonic stem cells
- hESC-DCs :
-
hESC-derived mature dendritic cells
- hiPSC :
-
human-induced Pluripotent stem cells
- iPSC :
-
induced Pluripotent stem cells
- ISCBI :
-
International Stem Cell Banking Initiative
- IVF :
-
in vitro fertilization
- LD :
-
Lyme disease
- MHC :
-
Major histocompatibility complex
- MS :
-
Multiple sclerosis
- PD :
-
Parkinson’s disease
- SCNT :
-
Somatic-cell nuclear transfer
- UCBS :
-
human Umbilical cord blood serum
- wet-AMD :
-
Wet age-related macular degeneration
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A.G. conceptualized the outline and contents of the paper. All authors contributed to writing and editing the manuscript, but A. C. more had an advisory role.
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Golchin, A., Chatziparasidou, A., Ranjbarvan, P., Niknam, Z., Ardeshirylajimi, A. (2020). Embryonic Stem Cells in Clinical Trials: Current Overview of Developments and Challenges. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 11. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1312. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2020_592
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