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Sex Differences in Glucose Homeostasis

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Sex and Gender Effects in Pharmacology

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 282))

Abstract

Sexual dimorphism has been demonstrated to have an effect on various physiological functions. In this regard, researchers have investigated its impact on glucose homeostasis in both preclinical and clinical studies. Sex differences mainly arise from physiological factors such as sex hormones, body fat and muscle distribution, and sex chromosomes. The sexual dimorphism has also been studied in the context of diabetes. Reflecting the prevalence of the disease among the population, studies focusing on the sex difference in type 1 diabetes (T1D) are not common as the ones in type 2 diabetes (T2D). T1D is reported as the only major specific autoimmune disease that exhibits a male predominance. Clinical studies have demonstrated that impaired fasting glucose is more frequent in men whereas women more commonly exhibit impaired glucose tolerance. Understanding the sex difference in glucose homeostasis becomes more attractive when focusing on the findings that highlight sexual dimorphism on the efficacy or adverse effect profile of antidiabetic medications. Thus, in this chapter, we aimed to discuss the impact of sex on the glucose homeostasis both in health and in diabetes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey

    Ebru Arioglu-Inan & Gizem Kayki-Mutlu

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  1. Ebru Arioglu-Inan
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  2. Gizem Kayki-Mutlu
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Correspondence to Ebru Arioglu-Inan .

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  1. Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine/Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA

    Stella E. Tsirka

  2. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine/Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA

    Maricedes Acosta-Martinez

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Arioglu-Inan, E., Kayki-Mutlu, G. (2023). Sex Differences in Glucose Homeostasis. In: Tsirka, S.E., Acosta-Martinez, M. (eds) Sex and Gender Effects in Pharmacology . Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 282. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2023_664

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