Skip to main content

Eve-Teasing and Education Mobility: Young Women’s Experiences in the Urban Slums of India

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Identities and Subjectivities

Part of the book series: Geographies of Children and Young People ((GCYP,volume 4))

  • 277 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter explores the phenomenon of eve-teasing, and presents ongoing research detailing young Muslim people’s experiences of eve-teasing in the urban slums (bustees) of Kolkata (Calcutta), India. It begins with a review of some contemporary social and political changes occurring throughout India in regards to eve-teasing. Drawing on preliminary research, the chapter describes how eve-teasing is an important marker in young people’s transition into the youth period in the bustees. It details how eve-teasing has the potential to both curb and expand young women’s mobility with a focus on their mobility for schooling. Discourses about eve-teasing in the community are underpinned by concerns over young women’s safety and young women’s own understanding of space. There is also evidence that community acceptance of eve-teasing is contextual, pointing to use of eve-teasing as both a tool of community control over mobile girls and community tolerance of limited forms of premarital romance. This research adds to growing public discussions about gendered experiences of violence and mobility in India and argues dominant narratives of eve-teasing needs to be considered from a youth-centered perspective, particularly in communities where premarital mixed-sex interactions are not the norm.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

Works Cited

  • Amin, S., & Huq, L. (2008). Marriage considerations in sending girls to school in Bangladesh: Some qualitative evidence. Dhaka: The Population Council Poverty, Gender, and Youth Working Papers. No. 12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Angelina, M. (2010). Beyond the digital: Understanding contemporary forms of youth activism. Masters thesis, ISS, Erasmus University. http://thesis.eur.nl/pub/8660/

  • Asadullah, M. N., & Chaudhury, N. (2009). Reverse gender gap in schooling in Bangladesh: Insights from urban and rural households. Journal of Development Studies, 45(8), 1360–1380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asadullah, M., & Wahhaj, Z. (2012). Going to school in Purdah: Female schooling, mobility norms and madrasas in Bangladesh. Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) Discussion Paper No. 7059. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2189797

  • Balagopalan, S. (2014). Inhabiting ‘childhood’: Children, labour and schooling in postcolonial India. Basingstoke: Palgrave.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blank Noise Blog. (2015). “I never asked for it” Eve Teasing page. http://blog.blanknoise.org/2008/03/i-never-ask-for-it-i-repeat-until-we.html. Accessed Feb 2015.

  • Chakraborty, K. (2012). Virtual mate-seeking in the urban slums of Kolkata, India. South Asian Popular Culture, 10(2), 197–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chakraborty, K. (2016). Young Muslim women in India: Bollywood, identity and changing youth culture. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delhi Commission. (2010). Safe cities free of violence against women and girls initiative a draft strategic framework for women’s safety in Delhi 2010. Jagori and Department of Women and Child Development, Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. http://jagori.org/wpcontent/uploads/2006/01/Strategic_Framework.pdf. Accessed Jan 2015.

  • Derne, S. (1994). Hindu men talk about controlling women: Cultural ideas as a tool of the powerful. Sociological Perspectives, 37(2), 203–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dhawan, H. (2015). PM Modi launches ‘Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao’ campaign, says female foeticide is a sign of ‘mental illness’ In Times of India, January 23 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Digital Tipping Point. (2011). The Blank Noise project. The Center for Internet & Society. https://informationactivism.org/en/blank-noise-project-india. Accessed 29 Jan 2013.

  • Donner, H. (2011). Being middle class in India: A way of life. Milton Park: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dostie, B., & Jayaraman, R. (2006). Determinants of school enrollments in Indian villages. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 54(2), 405–421.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dyson, J. (2014). Working childhoods: Youth, agency and environment in India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes, L., & Heller, P. (2006). Hegemonic aspirations. Critical Asian Studies, 38(4), 495–522.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Good, K. (2007). Eve-teasing and gender equality in the post-colonial framework of India. Cornell M.A Thesis, accessed at Cornell eCommons: https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/8143.

  • Government of India. (2013). Government of India National Portal “Criminal Law Act 2013 (Amendment)”. http://india.gov.in/criminal-law-amendment-act-2013. Accessed 29 Dec 2013.

  • Harrison, J. (2012). Gender segregation on public transport in South Asia: A critical evaluation of approaches for addressing harassment against women. SOAS MSc. Accessed on Stop Street Harassment Webpage Jan 2015. http://www.stopstreetharassment.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/FULL-DISSERTATION-TEXT-JENNIFER-HARRISON1.pdf

  • Horii, M., & Burgess, A. (2012). Constructing sexual risk: ‘Chikan’, collapsing male authority and the emergence of women-only train carriages in Japan. Health, Risk & Society, 14(1), 41–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Husain, Z. (2005). Analysing demand for primary education: Muslim slum dwellers in Kolkata. Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. XL (2): 137–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Indian Penal Code 1860. Online from the Indian Penal Code webpage. http://www.ipc.in/. Accessed Feb 2015.

  • Jaishankar, K., Desai, M., & Sundaram, M. S. (2008). A survey of stalking victims in India. In N. Ronel, K. Jaishankar, & M. Bensimon (Eds.), Trends and issues in victimology (pp. 283–299). New Castle: Cambridge Scholars Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeffrey, C. (2008). Waiting. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 26(6), 954–958.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jeffrey, C. (2010). Timepass: Youth, class and the politics of waiting. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeffrey, C. (2011). Great expectations: Youth in contemporary India. In I. Clark-Decès (Ed.), A companion to the anthropology of India. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. doi:10.1002/9781444390599.ch3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kabeer, N. (2013). Grief and rage in India: Making violence against women history? 50:50 Open Democracy. http://www.opendemocracy.net/5050/naila-kabeer/grief-and-rage-in-india-making-violence-against-women-history. Accessed 26 Nov 2013.

  • Kabeer, N., Huq, L., & Mahmud, S. (2014). Diverging stories of “missing women” in South Asia: Is son preference weakening in Bangladesh? Feminist Economics, 20(4), 138–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lukose, R. (2005) Consuming Globalization: Youth and Gender in Kerala, India. Journal of Social History 38(4): 915–935.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lukose, R. (2009). Liberalization’s children: Gender, youth and consumer citizenship in globalizing India. Durham: Duke University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, D. (2011). The limits of jeans in Kannaur, Kerala. In D. Miller & S. Woodward (Eds.), Global denim New York: Berg pp. 87–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitra-Sarkar, S & P. Partheeban. (2011). Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings. 2(46): 74-84. Accessed at: http://trid.trb.org/view/1101762.

  • Nahar, P., van Reeuwijk, M., & Reis, R. (2013). Contextualising sexual harassment of adolescent girls in Bangladesh. Reproductive Health Matters, 21(41), 78–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakassis, C. (2013). Youth masculinity, ‘style’ and the peer group in Tamil Nadu, India. Contributions to Indian Sociology, 47(2), 245–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Natarajan, M. (2008). Women police in a changing society: Back door to equality. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Youth Policy, India. (2014). Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India. Accessed at: http://www.rgniyd.gov.in/sites/default/files/pdfs/scheme/nyp_2014.pdf.

  • Neupane, G., & Chesney-Lind, M. (2014). Violence against women on public transport in Nepal: Sexual harassment and the spatial expression of male privilege. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 38(1), 23–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osella, C. & F. Osella. (1998). Friendship and Flirting: Micro-Politics in Kerala, South India. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. 4(2): 189–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osella, C., & Osella, F. (2007). Muslim style in South India. Fashion Theory: The Journal of Dress, Body & Culture, 11(2–3), 233–252.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phadke, S., Khan, S., & Ranade, S. (2011). Why loiter? Women and risk on Mumbai streets. New Delhi: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Puri, J. (1999). Women, body, desire in a post-colonial India; narratives of gender and sexuality. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, M. (2008). Modernity, ‘authenticity’, and ambivalence: Subaltern masculinities on a South Indian college campus. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 14(1), 79–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saldanha, A. (2002). Music, Space, Identity: Geographies of Youth Culture in Bangalore. Cultural Studies 16(3): 337–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santhya, K. G., Ram, U., Acharya, R., Jejeebhoy, S. J., Ram, F., & Singh, A. (2010). Associations between early marriage and young women’s marital and reproductive health outcomes: Evidence from India. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 36(3), 132–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, N., & Titzmann, F. (2015). Introduction. In Youth, media, and gender in post-liberalization India: Focus on and beyond the Delhi gang rape (pp. 9–16). Berlin: Frank & Timme.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schurmann, A. (2009). Review of the Bangladesh Female Secondary School Stipend Project using a social exclusion framework. Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition, 27(4), 505–517.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, P., Unnikrishnan, M. K., & Sharma, A. (2014). Sexual violence in India: Addressing gaps between policy and implementation. Health Policy and Planning. doi:10.1093/heapol/czu015.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, P., & Singhal, R. (2014). Priyadarshni taxi service: Steering the wheel. Journal of Case Research, 5(2). http://home.ximb.ac.in/~jcr/cases/Case03-Priyadarshni-dec2014.pdf

  • Srivastava, S. (2014). Shop talk: Shopping malls and their publics. In N. Mathur (Ed.), Consumer culture, modernity and identity (pp. 45–70). New Delhi: Sage.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Still, C. (2011). Spoiled brides and the fear of education: Honour and social mobility among Dalit in South India. Modern Asian Studies, 45(5), 1119–1146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Svanemyr, J., Chandra-Mouli, V., Christiansen, C., & Mbizvo, M. (2012). Preventing child marriages: First international day of the girl child “my life, my right, end child marriage”. Reproductive Health, 9(31). http://www.reproductive-health-journal.com/content/9/1/31

  • Tsujita, Y. (2013). Factors that prevent children from gaining access to schooling: A study of Delhi slum households. International Journal of Educational Development, 33(4), 348–357.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varma, P. K. (2007). The great Indian middle class. New Delhi: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verma Committee Report. Authors: Verma, J. S., Seth, L., & Subramanium, G. (2013). Report of the Committee on Amendments to Criminal Law. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/realtime/justice_js_verma_committee_report.pdf. Accessed Jan 2015.

Films Cited

  • 2 States. (2014). Director: Abhishek Varman. Production: Dharma Productions and Nadiawala Grandson Entertainment.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani. (2013). Director: Ayan Mukherjee. Production: Dharma Productions.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kabita Chakraborty .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this entry

Cite this entry

Chakraborty, K. (2015). Eve-Teasing and Education Mobility: Young Women’s Experiences in the Urban Slums of India. In: Worth, N., Dwyer, C., Skelton, T. (eds) Identities and Subjectivities. Geographies of Children and Young People, vol 4. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4585-91-0_12-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4585-91-0_12-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-4585-91-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Social SciencesReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics