Abstract
This chapter explores the phenomenon of eve-teasing, and presents ongoing research detailing young Muslim people’s experiences of eve-teasing in the urban slums (bustees) of Kolkata (Calcutta), India. It begins with a review of some contemporary social and political changes occurring throughout India in regards to eve-teasing. Drawing on preliminary research, the chapter describes how eve-teasing is an important marker in young people’s transition into the youth period in the bustees. It details how eve-teasing has the potential to both curb and expand young women’s mobility with a focus on their mobility for schooling. Discourses about eve-teasing in the community are underpinned by concerns over young women’s safety and young women’s own understanding of space. There is also evidence that community acceptance of eve-teasing is contextual, pointing to use of eve-teasing as both a tool of community control over mobile girls and community tolerance of limited forms of premarital romance. This research adds to growing public discussions about gendered experiences of violence and mobility in India and argues dominant narratives of eve-teasing needs to be considered from a youth-centered perspective, particularly in communities where premarital mixed-sex interactions are not the norm.
References
Works Cited
Amin, S., & Huq, L. (2008). Marriage considerations in sending girls to school in Bangladesh: Some qualitative evidence. Dhaka: The Population Council Poverty, Gender, and Youth Working Papers. No. 12.
Angelina, M. (2010). Beyond the digital: Understanding contemporary forms of youth activism. Masters thesis, ISS, Erasmus University. http://thesis.eur.nl/pub/8660/
Asadullah, M. N., & Chaudhury, N. (2009). Reverse gender gap in schooling in Bangladesh: Insights from urban and rural households. Journal of Development Studies, 45(8), 1360–1380.
Asadullah, M., & Wahhaj, Z. (2012). Going to school in Purdah: Female schooling, mobility norms and madrasas in Bangladesh. Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) Discussion Paper No. 7059. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2189797
Balagopalan, S. (2014). Inhabiting ‘childhood’: Children, labour and schooling in postcolonial India. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
Blank Noise Blog. (2015). “I never asked for it” Eve Teasing page. http://blog.blanknoise.org/2008/03/i-never-ask-for-it-i-repeat-until-we.html. Accessed Feb 2015.
Chakraborty, K. (2012). Virtual mate-seeking in the urban slums of Kolkata, India. South Asian Popular Culture, 10(2), 197–216.
Chakraborty, K. (2016). Young Muslim women in India: Bollywood, identity and changing youth culture. London: Routledge.
Delhi Commission. (2010). Safe cities free of violence against women and girls initiative a draft strategic framework for women’s safety in Delhi 2010. Jagori and Department of Women and Child Development, Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. http://jagori.org/wpcontent/uploads/2006/01/Strategic_Framework.pdf. Accessed Jan 2015.
Derne, S. (1994). Hindu men talk about controlling women: Cultural ideas as a tool of the powerful. Sociological Perspectives, 37(2), 203–227.
Dhawan, H. (2015). PM Modi launches ‘Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao’ campaign, says female foeticide is a sign of ‘mental illness’ In Times of India, January 23 2015.
Digital Tipping Point. (2011). The Blank Noise project. The Center for Internet & Society. https://informationactivism.org/en/blank-noise-project-india. Accessed 29 Jan 2013.
Donner, H. (2011). Being middle class in India: A way of life. Milton Park: Routledge.
Dostie, B., & Jayaraman, R. (2006). Determinants of school enrollments in Indian villages. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 54(2), 405–421.
Dyson, J. (2014). Working childhoods: Youth, agency and environment in India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fernandes, L., & Heller, P. (2006). Hegemonic aspirations. Critical Asian Studies, 38(4), 495–522.
Good, K. (2007). Eve-teasing and gender equality in the post-colonial framework of India. Cornell M.A Thesis, accessed at Cornell eCommons: https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/8143.
Government of India. (2013). Government of India National Portal “Criminal Law Act 2013 (Amendment)”. http://india.gov.in/criminal-law-amendment-act-2013. Accessed 29 Dec 2013.
Harrison, J. (2012). Gender segregation on public transport in South Asia: A critical evaluation of approaches for addressing harassment against women. SOAS MSc. Accessed on Stop Street Harassment Webpage Jan 2015. http://www.stopstreetharassment.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/FULL-DISSERTATION-TEXT-JENNIFER-HARRISON1.pdf
Horii, M., & Burgess, A. (2012). Constructing sexual risk: ‘Chikan’, collapsing male authority and the emergence of women-only train carriages in Japan. Health, Risk & Society, 14(1), 41–55.
Husain, Z. (2005). Analysing demand for primary education: Muslim slum dwellers in Kolkata. Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. XL (2): 137–147.
Indian Penal Code 1860. Online from the Indian Penal Code webpage. http://www.ipc.in/. Accessed Feb 2015.
Jaishankar, K., Desai, M., & Sundaram, M. S. (2008). A survey of stalking victims in India. In N. Ronel, K. Jaishankar, & M. Bensimon (Eds.), Trends and issues in victimology (pp. 283–299). New Castle: Cambridge Scholars Press.
Jeffrey, C. (2008). Waiting. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 26(6), 954–958.
Jeffrey, C. (2010). Timepass: Youth, class and the politics of waiting. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Jeffrey, C. (2011). Great expectations: Youth in contemporary India. In I. Clark-Decès (Ed.), A companion to the anthropology of India. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. doi:10.1002/9781444390599.ch3.
Kabeer, N. (2013). Grief and rage in India: Making violence against women history? 50:50 Open Democracy. http://www.opendemocracy.net/5050/naila-kabeer/grief-and-rage-in-india-making-violence-against-women-history. Accessed 26 Nov 2013.
Kabeer, N., Huq, L., & Mahmud, S. (2014). Diverging stories of “missing women” in South Asia: Is son preference weakening in Bangladesh? Feminist Economics, 20(4), 138–163.
Lukose, R. (2005) Consuming Globalization: Youth and Gender in Kerala, India. Journal of Social History 38(4): 915–935.
Lukose, R. (2009). Liberalization’s children: Gender, youth and consumer citizenship in globalizing India. Durham: Duke University Press.
Miller, D. (2011). The limits of jeans in Kannaur, Kerala. In D. Miller & S. Woodward (Eds.), Global denim New York: Berg pp. 87–102.
Mitra-Sarkar, S & P. Partheeban. (2011). Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings. 2(46): 74-84. Accessed at: http://trid.trb.org/view/1101762.
Nahar, P., van Reeuwijk, M., & Reis, R. (2013). Contextualising sexual harassment of adolescent girls in Bangladesh. Reproductive Health Matters, 21(41), 78–86.
Nakassis, C. (2013). Youth masculinity, ‘style’ and the peer group in Tamil Nadu, India. Contributions to Indian Sociology, 47(2), 245–269.
Natarajan, M. (2008). Women police in a changing society: Back door to equality. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing.
National Youth Policy, India. (2014). Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India. Accessed at: http://www.rgniyd.gov.in/sites/default/files/pdfs/scheme/nyp_2014.pdf.
Neupane, G., & Chesney-Lind, M. (2014). Violence against women on public transport in Nepal: Sexual harassment and the spatial expression of male privilege. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 38(1), 23–38.
Osella, C. & F. Osella. (1998). Friendship and Flirting: Micro-Politics in Kerala, South India. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. 4(2): 189–206.
Osella, C., & Osella, F. (2007). Muslim style in South India. Fashion Theory: The Journal of Dress, Body & Culture, 11(2–3), 233–252.
Phadke, S., Khan, S., & Ranade, S. (2011). Why loiter? Women and risk on Mumbai streets. New Delhi: Penguin.
Puri, J. (1999). Women, body, desire in a post-colonial India; narratives of gender and sexuality. New York: Routledge.
Rogers, M. (2008). Modernity, ‘authenticity’, and ambivalence: Subaltern masculinities on a South Indian college campus. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 14(1), 79–95.
Saldanha, A. (2002). Music, Space, Identity: Geographies of Youth Culture in Bangalore. Cultural Studies 16(3): 337–350.
Santhya, K. G., Ram, U., Acharya, R., Jejeebhoy, S. J., Ram, F., & Singh, A. (2010). Associations between early marriage and young women’s marital and reproductive health outcomes: Evidence from India. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 36(3), 132–139.
Schneider, N., & Titzmann, F. (2015). Introduction. In Youth, media, and gender in post-liberalization India: Focus on and beyond the Delhi gang rape (pp. 9–16). Berlin: Frank & Timme.
Schurmann, A. (2009). Review of the Bangladesh Female Secondary School Stipend Project using a social exclusion framework. Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition, 27(4), 505–517.
Sharma, P., Unnikrishnan, M. K., & Sharma, A. (2014). Sexual violence in India: Addressing gaps between policy and implementation. Health Policy and Planning. doi:10.1093/heapol/czu015.
Singh, P., & Singhal, R. (2014). Priyadarshni taxi service: Steering the wheel. Journal of Case Research, 5(2). http://home.ximb.ac.in/~jcr/cases/Case03-Priyadarshni-dec2014.pdf
Srivastava, S. (2014). Shop talk: Shopping malls and their publics. In N. Mathur (Ed.), Consumer culture, modernity and identity (pp. 45–70). New Delhi: Sage.
Still, C. (2011). Spoiled brides and the fear of education: Honour and social mobility among Dalit in South India. Modern Asian Studies, 45(5), 1119–1146.
Svanemyr, J., Chandra-Mouli, V., Christiansen, C., & Mbizvo, M. (2012). Preventing child marriages: First international day of the girl child “my life, my right, end child marriage”. Reproductive Health, 9(31). http://www.reproductive-health-journal.com/content/9/1/31
Tsujita, Y. (2013). Factors that prevent children from gaining access to schooling: A study of Delhi slum households. International Journal of Educational Development, 33(4), 348–357.
Varma, P. K. (2007). The great Indian middle class. New Delhi: Penguin.
Verma Committee Report. Authors: Verma, J. S., Seth, L., & Subramanium, G. (2013). Report of the Committee on Amendments to Criminal Law. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/realtime/justice_js_verma_committee_report.pdf. Accessed Jan 2015.
Films Cited
2 States. (2014). Director: Abhishek Varman. Production: Dharma Productions and Nadiawala Grandson Entertainment.
Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani. (2013). Director: Ayan Mukherjee. Production: Dharma Productions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore
About this entry
Cite this entry
Chakraborty, K. (2015). Eve-Teasing and Education Mobility: Young Women’s Experiences in the Urban Slums of India. In: Worth, N., Dwyer, C., Skelton, T. (eds) Identities and Subjectivities. Geographies of Children and Young People, vol 4. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4585-91-0_12-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4585-91-0_12-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Online ISBN: 978-981-4585-91-0
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Social SciencesReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences