Zusammenfassung
Vaskuläre Tumoren sind endotheliale Tumoren, in markantem Gegensatz zu perivaskulären Tumoren, die sich von myoiden Gefäßwandzellen ableiten. Besonders unter klinischem Aspekt gibt es eine entscheidende Dichotomie vaskuläre Proliferationen, die sich in genuine vaskuläre Tumoren und vaskuläre Malformationen unterteilen; so zählen die meisten lymphatischendothelialen vaskulären Proliferationen zur Gruppe der Malformationen und nicht zu den Lymphangiomen. Vaskuläre Tumoren werden unterteilt in gutartige Hämangiome und bösartige Angiosarkome. Als Gruppe mit intermediärem Malignitätsgrad gelten die Hämangioendotheliome, die zwar rezidivfreudig sind und in sehr seltenen Fällen in regionale Lymphknoten metastasieren können, aber nie zum Tode führen. Für die Diagnose vaskulärer Proliferationen sind immunhistochemische Färbungen von besonderer Bedeutung. Der Verlust von WT1 in endothelialen Zellen signalisiert den malformativen Charakter einer vaskulären Proliferation. Die Genamplifizierung von MYC, die einer immunohistochemischen Überexpression in den Tumorzellkernen entspricht, ist ein wichtiger Marker der Angiosarkome.
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Weiterführende Literatur zu histologischen Nachahmern maligner vaskulärer Tumoren
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Weiterführende Literatur zu vaskulären Tumoren mit glomoider, perizytärer und glattmuskulärer Differenzierung
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Fletcher CDM (1994) Haemangiopericytoma – a dying breed? Reappraisal of an „entity“ and ist variants: a hypothesis. Curr Diagn Pathol 1:19–23
Folpe AL, Fanburg-Smith JC, Miettinen M, Weiss SW (2001) Atypical and malignant glomus tumor. Analysis of 52 cases, with a proposal for the reclassification of glomus tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 25:1–12
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Kutzner H, Hügel H, Rütten A, Braun M (1993) Erworbenes gutartiges Myofibrom der Haut (Adultes Myofibrom). Hautarzt 44:561–568
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Weiterführende Literatur zu mesenchymalen Tumoren mit dominierender vaskulärer Komponente
Darling TN, Skarulis MC, Steinberg SM, Marx SJ, Spiegel AM, Turner M (1997) Multiple facial angiofibromas and collagenomas in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I. Arch Dermatol 133:853–857
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Kutzner, H., Requena, L. (2015). Gefäßtumoren der Haut. In: Cerroni, L., Garbe, C., Metze, D., Kutzner, H., Kerl, H. (eds) Histopathologie der Haut. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44367-5_36-1
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